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2012 Vol.  14 No.  10
Published: 2012-10-15
EXPERT LECTURE
CLINICAL RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CASE REPORT
REVIEW
EXPERT LECTURE
723 MA Yan-Yan, YANG Yan-Ling
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅱ deficiency and diseases
This article reviews the structure and function of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅱ, and the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and genetic analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅱ deficiency. Mitochondrial complex Ⅱ, known as succinate dehydrogenase, is a part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It plays an important role in cellular oxidative phosphorylation. It is associated with oxidative stress and is a sensitive target for toxic substances and abnormal metabolin in cells. Clinical manifestations of respiratory chain complex Ⅱ deficiency are characterized by a wide variety of abnormalities. Progressive neuromuscular dysfunction is the most common syndrome. Cardiomyopathy, episodic vomit and hemolytic uremic syndrome are also encountered in a few cases. A precise diagnosis is dependent on enzyme activities assay of respiratory chain complexes and genetic analysis. Complex Ⅱ activities decreased in affected tissues. Pathogenic mutations in SDHA gene and SDHAF1 gene encoding assembly factor have been found so far. Clinical treatment aims at improving the mitochondrial function.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 723-727 [Abstract] ( 5143 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1008KB] ( 2136 )
CLINICAL RESEARCH
728 HUA Shao-Dong, WU Zhi-Xin, HUANG Jie-Ting, FENG Zhi-Chun
Clinical features of Candida albicans sepsis in preterm infants: an analysis of 13 cases
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of Candida albicans sepsis in preterm infants. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 13 preterm infants with Candida albicans sepsis, who were born at 28 to 36 weeks of gestational age and who weighed between 1400 and 2815 g. RESULTS: The infants were infected with Candida albicans at the age of 19±11 d, with the main clinical manifestations being apnea, poor response, poor skin perfusion, blood oxygen concentration decrease, dark skin, yellowish skin, heart rate increase in the rest state, copious phlegm and difficulty in weaning from the ventilator. The infants showed significantly decreased platelet and increased C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet distribution width (PDW), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), total bilirubin (TBIL), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). CK and LDH were significantly decreased after 2 weeks of antifungal therapy. Only 3 cases developed drug resistance to fluconazole and these showed response when treated with voriconazole instead. Of the 13 cases, 10 were cured, 2 abandoned therapy and 1 died. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of Candida albicans sepsis are nonspecific in preterm infants. Infectious diseases are probably caused by Candida albicans in preterm infants 2-3 weeks after birth. Preterm infants show decreased platelet and increased CRP, PDW, ALT, CK-MB, TBIL, CK, and LDH when infected with Candida albicans.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 728-732 [Abstract] ( 5838 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 926KB] ( 1346 )
733 ZHU Mei-Ying, GU Min-Zhen
High-risk factors for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in very low birth weight infants
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the high-risk factors for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC), which is the most common complication of parenteral nutrition for infants, in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 204 VLBWIs who received parenteral nutrition for over 2 weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit from August 2006 to December 2011. The infants′liver function was evaluated periodically before and after Parenteral nutrition. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed in the observation (PNAC) and control (without PNAC) groups. RESULTS: PNAC occurred in 46 (22.5%) of the 204 VLBWIs. Univariate analysis showed that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation, respiration failure, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were significantly increased in the observation group compared with the control group. The observation group had lower birth weights, longer duration of ventilation, later breast feeding beginning, longer duration of fasting, longer duration of parenteral nutrition, and higher cumulated amino acid and lipid emulsion intake. Logistic regression analysis revealed that duration of fasting was a high-risk factor for PNAC (OR=1.115, 95%CI: 1.031-1.207).ConclusionsMany risk factors are associated with PNAC. Early enteral nutrition and short duration of parenteral nutrition are helpful in preventing the incidence of PNAC in VLBWIs.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 733-736 [Abstract] ( 5560 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 911KB] ( 1568 )
737 MA Li, LIU Cui-Qing, MENG Ling-Zhi, JIAO Jian-Cheng, XIA Yao-Fang
Prospective study on in-hospital mortality and its risk factors in very low birth weight infants requring mechanical ventilation
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features, treatments and prognosis of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) requring mechanical ventilation, to assess the risk factors associated with the mortality of VLBWIs, and to evaluate the significance of the scoring system based on clinical risk index for babies (CRIB) and the score for neonatal acute physiology-perinatal extension II (SNAPPE-II) for predicting mortality risk for premature infants in China. METHODS: Perinatal data were collected from 127 VLBWIs requring mechanical ventilation who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 2010 to October 2011. RESULTS: The enrolled infants had a mean gestational age of 31±2 weeks, a mean birth weight of 1290±170 g, a male/female ratio of 1.23∶1, and extremely low birth weight infant accounting for 6.3%. Of the 127 cases, 48.0% were administered with pulmonary surfactant (PS), and 49.6% received endotracheal intubation ventilation. The overall in-hospital mortality was 41.7%. Multivariate logistic regression revealed the following independent risk factors for mortality: low birth weight, multiple birth, cesarean section, and low PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR = 1.611, 7.572, 4.062, and 0.133 respectively; P<0.05). SNAPPE-II and CRIB showed good performance in predicting prognosis, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.806 and 0.777 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The overall mortality rate of VLBWIs is still relatively high. The high-risk factors for VLBWI mortality include low birth weight, multiple birth, cesarean section, and low PaO2/FiO2 ratio. The neonatal illness severity scoring system (using SNAPPE-II and CRIB) can be used to quantify illness severity in premature infants.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 737-741 [Abstract] ( 4974 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 984KB] ( 1253 )
742 ZHANG Qian, LI Yan, HE Xiao, XU Shu-Ling, GUO Hong-Xiang, CHENG Xin-Ru
Investigation on factors related to pyelic separation in early newborns
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of pyelic separation with gestational age, body weight and sex in early newborns. METHODS: A total of 320 neonates were examined by renal ultrasound 2-7 days after birth. The neonates included 180 boys and 140 girls, with a mean gestational age of 36±3 weeks (28-42 weeks) and a mean birth weight of 2430±1000 g (900-4870 g). Correlation analysis was performed between renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter (APD) and gestational age/body weight. The newborns were grouped based on gestational age, body weight and sex and the incidence of pyelic separation was compared among the groups. RESULTS: Pyelic separation was found in 100 of the 320 newborns. The incidence of pyelic separation in boys (37.8%, 70 cases) was significantly higher than in girls (22.2%, 30 cases) (P0.05). There significant difference in the incidence of pyelic separation between different gestational age groups (P>0.05). APD was positively correlated with gestational age and birth weight (P<0.05). The incidence of pyelic separation was negatively correlated with birth weight in all newborns except those who were macrosomic (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pyelic separation in early newborns is closely associated with birth weight and sex. APD is positively correlated to gestational age and birth weight. Pyelic separation often occurs more frequently on the left side or both sides than on the right side.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 742-745 [Abstract] ( 4918 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 911KB] ( 2656 )
751 CHENG Sheng-Quan, QIANG Huan, DING Cui-Ling, PAN Kai-Li, CAO Yu-Hong, FU Rong, DING Ya-Nan
Clinical significance of skin prick test for inhalant allergens in 3085 children with allergic diseases
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the main inhalant allergens and their distribution patterns in children with allergic diseases from Xi’an and the surrounding area and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children. METHODS: Skin prick test was performed using liquid with 13 standardized allergens (ALK-ABELL, Denmark) on 3085 children from Xi′an and the surrounding area who were treated for allergic diseases between July 2006 and July 2011, to detect inhalant allergens. RESULTS: Of the 3085 patients, 1368 (44.34%) had positive SPT results, with the most prevalent inhalant allergen being Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (804 cases, 26.06%), followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (793 cases, 25.71%), Blomia tropicalis (440 cases, 14.26%), mugwort (282 cases, 9.14%), and cat hair (204 cases, 6.61%). The positive rates were 28.66% in the <4 years group, 41.85% in the 4-6 years group, and 58.61% in the 7-15 years group (P<0.01). Males had a significantly higher SPT positive rate than females (47.78% vs 38.50%； P<0.05). The SPT positive rate was highest in children with allergic rhinitis (72.41%), followed by bronchial asthma (62-25%), allergic dermatosis (45.83%), and allergic purpura (36.28%). CONCLUSIONS: In children from Xi′an and the surrounding area, the main inhalant allergens for allergic diseases include Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, mugwort and cat hair. The SPT positive rate increases with age. Male children have a higher SPT positive rate than female children. The SPT positive rate is highest in children with allergic rhinitis.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 751-754 [Abstract] ( 5186 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 913KB] ( 1308 )
755 HUI Yu, XIE Juan-Juan, LI Ling, XIANG Hong-Xia, MU Hui-Jun, YIN Ying, ZHANG Xiao-Juan
Association between suppressors of cytokine signaling mRNA expression and Th1/Th2 balance in children with asthma
OBJECTIVE: Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) have been shown to play an important role in regulating cytokines, such as intracellular interferon (IFN) and interleukin (IL), in the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. At present, the association between SOCS and asthma is still under study. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the intracellular IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T cells and specific IgE (sIgE) level in children with asthma. METHODS: BMCs were collected from 44 children with allergic asthma (4-14 years) and 30 healthy children. The intracellular IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Total RNAs were extracted from the PBMCs and SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression was measured by SYBR Green I quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy children, children with allergic asthma showed a lower level of intracellular IFN-γ in peripheral blood ［(15.7 ± 2.0)% vs (19.1 ± 2.7)%］ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (3.4 ± 1.5 vs 4.8 ± 2.9) and higher SOCS-1 mRNA expression (-Ct, 11.1 ± 1.9 vs 12.6 ± 2.8）.There was a negative relationship between SOCS-1 mRNA expression and the percentage of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood in both asthmatic and healthy children (P<0.05). No correlation was found between SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 expression and sIgE level. CONCLUSIONS: Children with allergic asthma have elevated levels of SOCS-1 mRNA in PBMCs, which is associated with Th2-skewed immune response.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 755-758 [Abstract] ( 4681 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 919KB] ( 1433 )
759 LIU Wei-Peng, QU Su-Qing, LUAN Zuo, GONG Xiao-Jun, WANG Zhao-Yan
Treatment of cerebral palsy with transplantation of human neural progenitor cells
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical efficacy of transplantation of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) in the treatment of severe cerebral palsy (CP) in children. METHODS: Forty-five children with CP were voluntarily accepted transplantation of hNPCs. The cells obtained from the forebrain of 10 to 12-week-fetus were cultured and amplified into hNPCs. Then the hNPCs were injected into the cerebral ventricle of the patients with the supersonic guidance. RESULTS: Dyssomnia, irritability and muscular tension were improved in one patient 3 days after transplantation. The clinical improvements were observed in the majority of the patients 1 month after transplantation. The therapeutic effects slowed down 3 to 6 months after transplantation. One year after transplantation the gross and fine motor skills and the congnition ability in the transplantation group were considerably surpassed to those in the control group. No delayed severe complications were observed after transplantation. No tumorigenesis was noted 5 years after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: The transplantation of hNPCs as a novel therapy is effective and safe for severe CP. Many investigations are needed to evaluate the effect of the therapy.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 759-762 [Abstract] ( 4400 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 917KB] ( 1315 )
763 YANG Chun-Lan, YUE Li-Jie, JIANG Xian-Ping, WEN Fei-Qiu, ZHENG Miao-Miao
ALK gene mutations in childhood neuroblastoma
OBJECTIVE: To investigate mutations of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in Chinese children with neuroblastoma (NB). METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from 22 cases of paraffin-embedding NB tumor tissues. Gene mutations in the exons 20-26 which were mutational hotspots of ALK were analyzed by PCR-DNA direct sequencing. RESULTS: A novel synonymous mutation C3586T (Leu1196Leu) and a known synonymous mutation C3375A (Gly1125Gly) were found and located at exon 23 and exon 21 of ALK respectively. There were 10 cases (46%) of known synonymous mutation C3375A in 22 cases of NB. The C3375A allelic frequency was 27%. No statistically significant correlation was found between mutation C3375A and clinical parameters of NB such as age, sex, metastasis and tumor differentiation. Mutation was not found in the other 5 exons. CONCLUSIONS: A novel ALK gene synonymous mutation C3586T was identified using PCR-DNA sequencing. A known mutation C3375A in ALK was successfully identified in children, and its incidence is not influenced by the clinical features of childhood NB.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 763-766 [Abstract] ( 5783 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1141KB] ( 1162 )
767 WANG Xiao-Yan, JIN Chun-Hua, WU Jian-Xin, LIU Zhuo, LI Mei, LI Na
Role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency rickets
OBJECTIVE: To study the role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the early diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency rickets. METHODS: Concentrations of serum 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were measured in normal control (n=73), suspected rickets (n=45) and confirmed rickets groups (n=65). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum 25(OH)D for rickets. RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D levels in the suspected and confirmed rickets groups were 83±30 and 72±31 nmol/L respectively, which was lower than in the normal control group (112±37 nmol/L) (P0.05). Vitamin D deficiency rates in the suspected and confirmed rickets groups were higher than in the control group (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D levels in infants with suspected and confirmed rickets are significantly reduced and this may reflect vitamin D deficiency . Therefore, it may be useful to check serum 25(OH)D levels in screening for rickets.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 767-770 [Abstract] ( 4630 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 972KB] ( 1271 )
771 KANG Mei-Hua, XU Yi, WANG Cheng, WU Li-Jia, LIN Ping, LI Fang, XIE Zhen-Wu
Causes of unexplained syncope in children
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the common causes of unexplained syncope in children. METHODS: A total of 434 children with unexplained syncope who were aged from 3.0 to 17.9 years (192 males and 242 females) and who saw the doctor between January 2006 and October 2011. were examined in order to explore the detailed histories and causes of syncope and to analyze variance in causes among different ages, genders, syncope frequencies and head-up tilt test (HUTT) results. RESULTS: (1) The causes of occasional syncope included persistent standing (30%), movement (13%), change in body position(9%), sitting(7%), and playing(6%). Persistent standing was more common as a cause in females than in males (P<0.01). Micturition syncope was mainly seen in males. Sultry weather was the main cause of syncope in females. Change in body position was a more common cause in the ≥12 years group than in the <12 years group (P<0.05), while other causes showed no significant differences among different age groups. Change in body position was a more common cause of syncope in children with negative HUTT results than in those with positive HUTT results (P<0.05). (2) All causes of occasional syncope can induce repeated syncope, and most repeated syncope (56%) had the same cause. CONCLUSIONS: The common causes of unexplained syncope include persistent standing, movement and changes of body position in children. Avoiding these causes is helpful for prevention of childhood syncope.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 771-774 [Abstract] ( 4832 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 909KB] ( 1283 )
775 ZHOU Jie-Qing, JIANG Hong
Feasibility of SLEDAI-2000 and BILAG-2004 scoring systems for assessing renal disease activity in children with lupus nephritis
OBJECTIVE: To study feasibility of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2000) and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 (BILAG-2004) scoring systems for assessing renal disease activity in children with lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS: The clinical data of 159 children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and LN were collected, and disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI-2000 and BILAG-2004 scoring systems. The correlations between SLEDAI-2000 and BILAG-2004 scores and 24-hour urinary protein excretion and renal pathology index were analyzed. The SLEDAI-2000 and BILAG-2004 scoring systems were evaluated using ROC curve. RESULTS: Approximately one third (31.5%) of the 159 children had a moderate level of 24-hour urinary protein excretion. Among the 37 patients undergoing renal biopsy, 46.0% had diffuse LN (type Ⅳ). 24-hour urinary protein excretion was positively correlated with both SLEDAI-2000 (r=0.36, P<0.05) and BILAG-2004 scores (r= 0.39, P<0.05). Children with types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ LN had pathology activity index (AI) which positively correlated with SLEDAI-2000 scores (r=0.86, 0.88, 0.84, 0.77 respectively; P<0.05) and BILAG-2004 scores (r= 0.88, 0.98, 0.86, 0.89 respectively; P<0.05). SLEDAI-2000 score showed the best correlation with AI in patients with type Ⅱ LN, followed by those with type Ⅰ LN. BIILAG-2004 score showed the best correlation with AI in patients with type Ⅱ LN, followed by those with type Ⅳ LN. The BILAG-2004 scoring system had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.93, and the SLEDAI-2000 scoring system had an AUC of 0.88. CONCLUSIONS: BILAG-2004 and SLEDAI-2000 scoring systems can be used to assess renal disease activity of patients with LN. The BILAG-2004 scoring system can provide more reliable and comprehensive assessment.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 775-779 [Abstract] ( 9897 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 957KB] ( 1541 )
746 LI Qiu-Xiang, YANG Huan, ZHANG Ning, XIAO Bo, BI Fang-Fang, LI Jing
Clinical and pathological features of 50 children with Duchenne′s muscular dystrophy Hot!
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and pathological features of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), with the aim of increasing the possibility of early diagnosis. METHODS: The clinical data of 50 children who were definitely diagnosed with DMD, based on clinical manifestations and the results of skeletal muscle biopsies and monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical staining, was reviewed. RESULTS: The children showed similar clinical manifestations, including running slowly in the toddler period, muscle weakness when climbing stairs and standing up followed by squatting down and walking abnormalities a predominant increase in serum creatine kinase level increased dominantly, and myopathic lesions seen on electromyography. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed similar pathological presentations in all 50 children, including differentsized muscle fibers with rounding, degeneration and necrosis in various degrees, and proliferation of connective tissues. There was some inflammatory cell infiltration in muscle fibers and interstitial tissues. Dystrophin expression was completely absent at the sarcolemma in all 50 children, and sarcoglycan-α,-β, -γ,-δ expression was reduced to various degrees in 33 of them. CONCLUSIONS: For children with the clinical manifestations mentioned above, skeletal muscle biopsies and monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical staining are recommended as these examinations contribute to a definite diagnosis of DMD by demonstrating dystrophin deficiency at the sarcolemma.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 746-750 [Abstract] ( 4842 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1412KB] ( 1480 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
780 GUO Lei, XUE Tian-Yang, XU Wei, GAO Ji-Zhao
Effects of matrine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of matrine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells in vitro, and to explore the mechanism of matrine inducing apoptosis of RD cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation inhibition rates of RD cells that were treated with matrine (final concentrations= 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/mL). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis of RD cells treated with the four concentrations of matrine. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of cyclin D1 and survivin in RD cells treated with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/mL of matrine. RESULTS: The RD cells treated with various concentrations of matrine showed significantly higher proliferation inhibition rates and apoptotic rates than those that were not treated with matrine (P<0.01), and with increased matrine concentration, the proliferation inhibition rate of RD cells increased gradually, thus exhibiting a dose dependence. The mRNA expression of cyclin D1 and survivin was seen in all RD cells, but was significantly lower in RD cells treated with matrine than in those that were not treated with matrine (P<0.01). There were significant differences in cyclin D1 mRNA level among the RD cells treated with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/mL of matrine (P<0.05), while there was significant difference in survivin mRNA level between the RD cells treated with 0.5 and 1.5 mg/mL of matrine (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Matrine can significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of RD cells, which may be related to downregulating the mRNA expression of cyclin D1 and survivin.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 780-784 [Abstract] ( 3851 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1377KB] ( 1093 )
785 ZHANG Yan-Jun, JIA Xiu-Hong, LI Jian-Chang, XU You-Hua
Effect of HOXA10 gene silenced by shRNA on proliferation and apoptosis of U937cell line
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting HOXA10 gene on the proliferation, apoptosis and morphology of leukemic cell line U937. METHODS: Four different shRNA plasmids were designed and built to interfere with HOXA10 gene. The four interference plasmids were transfected into 293T cells with the HOXA10 over expression plasmid and then the RNAi efficiency of the four interference plasmids was determined by Western blot. The best one was chosen to transfect 293T cells with lentiviral helping plasmids to produce packaged lentivirus (lenti-shHOXA10). U937 cells were divided into interference group (lenti-shHOXA10), negative control group and untreated group. After infection with the packaged lentivirus, infection efficiency of lentivirus for U937 was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of HOXA10 gene mRNA and protein was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Lentiviral-shRNA vector of HOXA10 gene was successfully constructed. Compared with the negative control and untreated groups, mRNA level of HOXA10 decreased by (92.3±1.3)%, protein levels decreased by 91.1%, and the inhibition rate of U937 cells ［(43.9±0.7)%］ increased in the interference group (P<0.05). Wright′s staining showed that the ratio of karyon to cytoplasm was reduced and mitotic phase was rare in the interference group. Apoptosis rate in the interference group ［(27.1±1.4)%］ was significantly higher than in the negative ［(19.4±1.9)%］and untreated groups ［(5.5±1.3)%］ (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lentivirus mediated RNAi can reduce the expression level of HOXA10, effectively inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of U937 cells. HOXA10 gene is expected to become a new target for the treatment of leukemia at gene level.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 785-791 [Abstract] ( 4505 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1448KB] ( 1373 )
792 LIU Xiao-Meng, CAO Jiao-Ling, ZANG Yu-Zhu
Effect of ginsenoside on apoptosis of human leukemia-60 cells
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of ginsenoside on apoptosis of human leukemia-60 (HL-60) cells and its mechanism. METHODS: MTT cytotoxicity assay was used to determine the growth inhibition activity of ginsenoside (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.5625 μmol/L) on HL-60 cells. The apoptosis of HL-60 cells after treatment with ginsenoside (0,5,10 and 20 μmol/L) was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry. The cleavage of total proteins by caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 was evaluated by Western blot. The cleavage of caspase-3 protein was detected by Western blot after treatment with 10 μmol/L ginsenoside and caspase-8 and 9 inhibitors. RESULTS: Ginsenoside had potent cytotoxicity on HL-60 cells, with an IC50 value of 7.3±1.2 μmol/L. After treatment with ginsenoside (0, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L) for 48 hours, the apoptotic rate displayed a dose dependency, as shown by flow cytometry, with significant differences between the groups (F=12.67, P<0.01). Western blot showed that there were caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavage bands, but without caspase-8 cleavage band. The specific inhibitor of caspase-9 Z-LEHD-FMK could block the caspase-3 cleavage induced by 10 μmol/L ginsenoside, but the specific inhibitor of caspase-8 Z-IETD-FMK did not have this effect. CONCLUSIONS: Ginsenoside can induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells, which may be related to a mitochondria-dependent pathway.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 792-795 [Abstract] ( 4214 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1115KB] ( 932 )
CASE REPORT
796 HU Man, MA Hong-Wei, LUO Yang, WANG Lin, SONG Ying, LI Fang
Gene diagnosis of alkaptonuria in an infant
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 796-797 [Abstract] ( 4041 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 875KB] ( 1302 )
798 WANG Zi-Wei, CUI Hong
Neonatal cerebral infarction associated with low levels of protein C and protein S activity: a case report
No abstract available
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 798-799 [Abstract] ( 4043 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 872KB] ( 1158 )
REVIEW
800 YU Li-Wei, GUI Yong-Hao
Post-transcriptional protein modification of Gata4
OBJECTIVE: Gata4 is an important transcription factor in heart development. Gata4 post-transcriptional protein modification regulates transcriptional activity and DNA binding, which in turn affects expression of downstream genes and transcription factors, differentiation of embryonic stem cells and cardiogenesis. This article summarizes the effect of post-transcriptional protein modification on transcriptional activity of Gata4 and the relationship between this effect and congenital heart disease. It was shown that acetylation, phosphorylation and SUMOylation upregulate transcriptional activity, DNA binding, downstream gene expression and embryonic stem cell differentiation. On the other hand, methylation and deacetylation downregulate Gata4 transcriptional activity. Post-transcriptional protein modification of Gata4 is very important in clinical research on congenital and other heart diseases.
2012 Vol. 14 (10): 800-803 [Abstract] ( 5035 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1051KB] ( 1377 )
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