CJCP
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2013 Vol.  15 No.  5
Published: 2013-05-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CASE REPORT
REVIEW
CLINICAL RESEARCH
321 LIU Yun-Feng, TONG Xiao-Mei, ZHOU Cong-Le, ZHANG Dan-Dan, PIAO Mei-Hua, LI Zai-Ling
Relationship between degree of white matter damage and EEG changes in premature infants early after birth

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the degree of white matter damage and changes in brain function in premature infants early after birth according to amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and raw EEG (with burst-suppression patterns). METHODS: Thirty-eight premature infants of less than 32 weeks′ gestational age and with white matter damage, including 20 cases of mild white matter damage and 18 cases of severe white matter damage, were included in the study. Forty-two premature infants without white matter damage were selected as a control group. After birth, they were examined using aEEG and brain ultrasound once a week until four weeks after birth or a corrected gestational age of 32 weeks. The white matter damage and control groups were compared in terms of aEEG patterns and amplitudes and burst suppression ratio (BSR) on EEG. RESULTS: The white matter damage and control groups had highly discontinuous patterns and had no complete sleep cycles. The lower amplitude was significantly smaller in the severe white matter damage subgroup than in the mild white matter damage subgroup and control group. There was alternating burst-suppression activity on the raw EEG in the white matter damage and control groups; and the severe white matter damage subgroup had a significantly longer suppression time and a significantly higher BSR on EEG compared with the mild white matter damage subgroup and control group. CONCLUSIONS: Brain function monitoring should be performed in premature infants with white matter damage early after birth so as to detect cases of severe white matter damage in time.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 321-326 [Abstract] ( 5800 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1746KB] ( 1748 )
327 MA Xing-Na, KONG Xiang-Yong, HAN Tong-Ying, CHEN Ying, HUANG Jun-Jin, FENG Zhi-Chun
Therapeutic effect of Ommaya reservoir implantation on hydrocephalus in premature infants following intraventricular hemorrhage and factors associted with the therapeutic effect

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of Ommaya reservoir implantation on hydrocephalus in premature infants following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and to investigate factors influencing the therapeutic effect. METHODS: An ambispective cohort study was conducted on the clinical and follow-up data of 20 premature infants (gestational age <32 weeks, birth weight <1500 g) who received Ommaya reservoir implantation because of hydrocephalus following IVH. The therapeutic effect of Ommaya reservoir implantation was observed. These patients were divided into cure and treatment failure groups according to their treatment outcomes. The factors influencing therapeutic effects were investigated by univariate analysis. RESULTS: Hydrocephalus was relieved significantly at 30 days after Ommaya reservoir implantation. However, some patients showed significantly decreased therapeutic effects since 3 months after operation: during 3-6 months after operation, 7 cases underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt, 4 cases discontinued treatment because of economic reasons, and 1 case underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy due to scalp hematoma with skin necrosis. The ventricles of the remaining 8 cases returned to normal size at 12-18 months after operation. As for postoperative complications, secondary IVH was seen in 8 cases, intracranial infection in 2 cases, and scalp hematoma with skin necrosis in 1 case. The univariate analysis revealed significant differences in gestational age, birth weight and duration of hydrocephalus before Ommaya reservoir implantation between the cure and the treatment failure groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ommaya reservoir implantation has a remarkable short-term therapeutic effect on hydrocephalus in premature infants following IVH, but later the effect decreases in some patients. Low gestational age, low birth weight and long duration of hydrocephalus may be the main factors influencing therapeutic effects of Ommaya reservoir implantation.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 327-331 [Abstract] ( 7617 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1111KB] ( 2037 )
332 ZHUANG Yan, LI Gui-Nan, ZHOU Yong, HU Yue-Yuan, LI Jun, ZHAN Cai-Xia
Relationship of B/A ratio and acidosis with abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of bilirubin/albumin (B/A) ratio and acidosis with abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia and its clinical significance. METHODS: A total of 967 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia between November 2008 and October 2009 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their BAEPs: normal BAEP group (n=799) and abnormal BAEP group (n=168). Univariate analysis and age-stratified Chi-square test were used to determine the relationship of B/A ratio and acidosis with BAEP. RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed that the abnormal BAEP group had significantly lower pH and base excess values and a significantly higher B/A ratio compared with the normal BAEP group (P<0.05). The age-stratified Chi-square test showed that neonates with acidosis or with a B/A ratio greater than 1.0 had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal BAEPs than those without acidosis or with a B/A ratio less than 1.0 in any age (days) group of neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High B/A ratio and acidosis are the risk factors for abnormal BAEPs in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia, which is the case for those in any age group. In order to reduce the incidence of hearing loss in any age group of neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia, we should correct the acidosis and lower the B/A ratio as soon as possible.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 332-334 [Abstract] ( 5169 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 925KB] ( 1154 )
335 FENG Li-Mei, XIA Gui-Zhi, REN Rong-Na, YANG Peng-Fan, ZHOU Lin-Ying, MEI Zhen
Pathological changes in the epileptogenic foci of children with intractable epilepsy
OBJECTIVE: To investigate pathological changes in the epileptogenic foci of children with intractable epilepsy and their clinical significance. METHODS: Thirty children with intractable epilepsy were included in the study. The epileptogenic foci were surgically resected and pathological changes in the obtained specimens were observed under a light microscope (LM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: Under the LM, cortical dysplasia was found in 14 cases (47%), hippocampal sclerosis in 11 cases (37%), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in 1 case (3%), ganglioglioma in 1 case (3%), and encephalomalacia in 3 cases (10%). The TEM observation revealed pathological changes in the ultrastructure of the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortex, such as changes in the number of synapses and synaptic structure, decrease in neurons and karyopyknosis, swelling and degeneration of astrocytes, and changes in mitochondrial structures. CONCLUSIONS: Pathological changes in the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortex, especially synaptic remodeling, may be the morphological basis for spontaneous recurrent seizures in children with intractable epilepsy. The pathological changes and epileptiform activity are related to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 335-339 [Abstract] ( 5559 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1117KB] ( 1005 )
340 CHEN Yin-Bo, HAO Yun-Peng, HAO Xiao-Sheng, LIANG Dong
Clinical efficacy of oxcarbazepine suspension in children with focal epilepsy
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine (OXC) suspension in children with focal epilepsy. METHODS: A total of 118 children aged 2-14 years, who were newly diagnosed with focal epilepsy between October 2009 and December 2011, were randomly divided into experimental group (n=60) and control group (n=58). The experimental group was treated with an orally suspension of OXC and the control group was orally administered with carbamazepine (CBZ) tablets. The two treatment regimens were compared in terms of clinical efficacy and safety. RESULTS: After 13 and 26 weeks of treatment, the experimental group had response rates of 75% and 72% respectively and seizure-free rates of 53% and 50%, and the control group had response rates of 71% and 66% and seizure-free rates of 50% and 43% respectively. There were no significant differences in the clinical efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). After 26 weeks of treatment, the adverse event rates of the experimental and control groups were 18% and 40% respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: OXC suspension has a comparable clinical efficacy to that of CBZ tablets in children aged 2-14 years who are newly diagnosed with focal epilepsy, but OXC suspension causes fewer adverse events and has higher safety.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 340-342 [Abstract] ( 6176 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 933KB] ( 1305 )
343 DING Kai-Jing, LIU Yun-Fen, KANG Chuan-Yuan, LIU Rui-Xiang, LI Xue-Rong, WAN Shuai
Influential factors for methylphenidate treatment compliance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
OBJECTIVE: To investigate influential factors for the tendency to medicate and medication compliance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: A total of 188 children aged from 5 to 16 years, who were initially diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria, were included in the study. They underwent symptom assessment and cognitive function test. The compliance of methylphenidate treatment was evaluated. RESULTS: Patients with better emotional state, and fewer oppositional and hyperactive behaviors and those who had a family history of psychiatric diseases and who obtained lower scores in the number cancellation test (NCT), were more prone to medication and/or exhibited better medication compliance. Logistic regression analysis showed that fewer oppositional and hyperactive behaviors and lower NCT scores were the predictive factors for a higher tendency to medicate, and a better emotional state was the predictive factor for better medication compliance. Patients of predominantly inattentive type were more prone to medication and showed better medication compliance, as compared with those of combined type. Gender, age and symptom severity were not associated with the tendency to medicate and/or medication compliance. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to enhance medication compliance in children with ADHD who have hyperactive, impulsive and oppositional behaviors, and to improve their long-term social functions.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 343-347 [Abstract] ( 6268 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 949KB] ( 1232 )
348 XIAO Zhao-Hua, WANG Qing-Hong, LUO Tian-Tian, ZHONG Le
Diagnostic value of Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
OBJECTIVE: To study the value of the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS) in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: VADPRS were completed by parents of 319 children with suspected ADHD. The children were then evaluated by a specialist based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) and 196 of them were diagnosed with ADHD. The value of VADPRS in the diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity was evaluated using ROC curves. Diagnostic evaluation indexes at best operating point were calculated. Kappa values were calculated to explore the consistency of items in VADPRS and corresponding items in the DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of attention deficit by VADPRS was 0.791. At the best operating point, its sensitivity was 0.83, specificity was 0.63, positive predictive value was 0.69 and negative predictive value was 0.79. The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of hyperactivity by VADPRS was 0.855. At the best operating point, its sensitivity was 0.82, specificity was 0.76, positive predictive value was 0.65, and negative predictive value was 0.88. The negative predictive value of VADPRS in general population screen was 0.99, based on the results of this study. The consistency of items in the VADPRS and corresponding items in DSM-Ⅳ criteria was poor, with the Kappa value of most items being less than 0.40. CONCLUSIONS: VADPRS is suitable for a general population screen for ADHD and it is helpful in the clinical diagnosis of ADHD, but its results can be influenced by parents′ awareness and perception of children′s behavior, and cannot replace the interview and judgment of professionals.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 348-352 [Abstract] ( 8799 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1033KB] ( 2020 )
353 YANG Zu-Ming, WANG San-Nan, MA Yue-Lan, YANG Xiao-Lu, ZHANG Wen-Ying, ZHU Mei-Ying
Application of umbilical venous catheter combined with peripherally inserted central catheter in very low birth weight infants
OBJECTIVE: To study the application of umbilical venous catheter (UVC) combined with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the VLBWIs in the neonatal intensive care unit who received UVC combined with PICC (catheter group, n=63) or did not receive the catheter treatment (non-catheter group, n=38) to compare the differences in nosocomial infection, weight gain, and length of hospital stay between the two groups. RESULTS: The rate of nosocomial infection was 17% in the catheter group and 24% in the non-catheter group (P>0.05). Compared with the non-catheter group, the catheter group had a significantly higher weight gain (11.7±2.0 g/kg?d vs 10.6±2.3 g/kg?d; P<0.05) and a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (40±11 days vs 45±14 days; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with those not receiving catheter treatment, the VLBWIs receiving UVC combined with PICC have a markedly higher weight gain and a markedly shorter length of hospital stay and show a declining trend in the rate of nosocomial infection.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 353-355 [Abstract] ( 5452 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 928KB] ( 1252 )
356 CHEN Lian-Hui, ZHU Wei-Fen, LIANG Li, FU Jun-Fen, WANG Chun-Lin, FANG Yan-Lan, CHEN Xue-Feng
Non-high-density-cholesterol as a predictor of non-lipid cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese children
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in the assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, pre-diabetes and diabetes in obese children. METHODS: According to the presence of complications (hypertension, pre-diabetes and diabetes), 810 children with central obesity were divided into two groups: one group with complications (n=499) and one group without complications (n=311). One hundred and sixty-four age- and sex-matched children served as the control group. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the detection of non-lipid CVD risk factors by seven lipid markers. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of hypertension and pre-diabetes were significantly higher in obese children with high non-HDL-C concentrations (≥3.76 mmol/L). After adjusting for waist circumference Z-scores, the area under the ROC curve for non-HDL-C was 0.680 to detect non-lipid CVD risk factors, while the areas for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and apoprotein B were 0.659, 0.669 and 0.647 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the other lipid markers, non-HDL-C is a better predictor for non-lipid CVD risk factors in obese children. Measurement of non-HDL-C concentations is recommended for obese children.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 356-360 [Abstract] ( 6353 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1026KB] ( 1380 )
361 WEN Jing, WANG Nian-Rong, ZHAO Yan, FAN Xin, YE Ya
Effect of eating behavior intervention on infants in the urban area of Chongqing, China
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how to establish good eating behavior and correct bad eating habits in infants by means of the child health care outpatient clinic and to promote the growth and development of infants. METHODS: Infants aged 0-3 months, who were randomly selected from the urban area of Chongqing, were divided into intervention and control groups. The infants in the intervention group received all intervention measures in the study, while those in the control group received conventional health care. Both groups were subjected to regular monitoring of eating behavior indices including time of introduction of foods, frequency of adding complementary foods and intake frequency of unhealthy foods to analyze the effect of intervention. RESULTS: In the intervention group, foods were introduced at a reasonable time (P<0.01). Compared with those in the control group, the children aged 9 and 12 months in the intervention group had a significantly higher intake frequency of meat, vegetables and fruits (P<0.01) and a significantly lower intake frequency of sweet drinks (P<0.05), children aged 18 and 24 months in the intervention group had a significantly lower intake frequency of sweet drinks (P<0.01), and the children aged 24 months in the intervention group had a significantly lower intake frequency of ice cream (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Eating behavior intervention can promote the proper introduction of foods and regular addition of supplementary foods, as well as decrease the intake frequency of unhealthy foods such as sweet drinks and ice cream, thus improving the eating behavior of infants.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 361-363 [Abstract] ( 4678 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 925KB] ( 1049 )
364 XIONG Mei, NI Chen, PAN Jia-Hua, WANG Qiang, ZHENG Li-Lin
Risk factors for asthma in children in Hefei, China
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for asthma in children in Hefei, China and to provide a strategy for asthma control in this region. METHODS: A total of 400 children with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, as well as 400 children of comparable age, sex, living environment, and family background, who had no respiratory diseases, were selected for a case-control study. A survey questionnaire survey was completed for all children. The obtained data were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for asthma. RESULTS: The logistic regression analysis showed that a family history of allergy, allergic rhinitis, infantile eczema, no breastfeeding, air-conditioning and passive smoking were the risk factors for asthma in children, with odds ratios of 9.63, 7.56, 4.58, 2.16, 1.73, and 1.55 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce the incidence of asthma, we should advocate breast feeding, promote outdoor activities, keep ventilation natural, prevent passive smoking and cure allergic rhinitis.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 364-367 [Abstract] ( 5558 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 933KB] ( 1181 )
368 LI Ling, HUI Yu, QIAN Jun, GUO Yun, ZHANG Xi-Lian, ZHANG Xiao-Juan
Therapeutic efficacy of 3-year subcutaneous immunotherapy in asthmatic children allergic to mite
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of 3-year subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in asthmatic children allergic to mite. METHODS: Ninety asthmatic children allergic to house dust mite (with or without allergic rhinitis) and aged 5-14 years were randomized into SCIT treatment group (n=45) and control group (n=45). The SCIT treatment group received SCIT combined with standardized treatment for asthma, while the control group received the standardized treatment alone. The therapeutic effects were assessed based on the daytime and nighttime symptom scores, mean daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), skin prick test results, peak expiratory flows and total serum IgE at baseline and in the 3-year treatment. RESULTS: In both groups, the daytime and nighttime symptom scores in the first, second, and third years of treatment were significantly lower than the baseline values (P<0.01), and the scores decreased year by year during the 3-year treatment (P<0.01). Also, the mean daily doses of ICS in the first, second, and third years of treatment were significantly lower than the baseline values (P<0.01), and the doses decreased year by year during the 3-year treatment (P<0.01). The mean daily dose was significantly lower in the SCIT treatment group than in the control group in the second and third years of treatment (P<0.05). After 3-year treatment, the SCIT treatment group had a significantly higher proportion of children who discontinued use of ICS due to remission of symptoms compared with the control group (29% vs 20%, P<0.05). At the end of the 3-year treatment, the total serum IgE was significantly lower than the baseline value in the SCIT treatment group (P<0.01), and it was significantly lower in the SCIT treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Three-year SCIT is effective in asthmatic children allergic to house dust mite and allows reduction in the dosage of ICS.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 368-371 [Abstract] ( 5606 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 941KB] ( 1094 )
372 LI Jia, ZHANG Bing, XIAO Ni-Guang, DING Xiao-Fang, XIE Zhi-Ping, DUAN Zhao-Jun
Status of enterovirus infection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of enterovirus (EV) infection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI). METHODS: A total of 404 samples (with odd numbers) of nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from the children who were hospitalized in the Children′s Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital due to ALRTI between September 2007 and April 2008. The conserved sequence in the 5′-noncoding region of EV was used to design the primer, and nested RT-PCR was performed to detect EV in the samples. RESULTS: Of the 404 samples, 19 (4.7%) were EV-positive, and mostly taken from children under 3 years of age (95%); there was no significant difference in the detection rate between male and female children. Of the EV-positive children, 13 (68%) were clinically diagnosed with bronchial pneumonia, and 6 (32%) with bronchiolitis; 90% of them showed symptoms of fever, 84% had a cough, 63% had asthma, and 63% had complications mainly including diarrhea (6 cases), granulocytopenia (4 cases), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 cases). In addition, 26% of the EV-positive children had leukocyte disorder, more than half had liver dysfunction, and a few had myocardial involvement. CONCLUSIONS: EV is a pathogen that should not be neglected in children with ALRTI. For these children, close attention should be paid to the epidemiological status and clinical features of EV infection, and blood routine examination, liver function test and myocardial enzyme assay should be carried out periodically to improve prognosis.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 372-374 [Abstract] ( 5181 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 929KB] ( 1119 )
375 DU Fang, HUANG Ying, SHU Chang, YIN Li-Juan, HUANG Ya-Na
Mixed infection and risk factors in children with severe adenovirus pneumonia
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mixed infection and analyze risk factors in children with severe adenovirus pneumonia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 756 children with adenovirus pneumonia between June 2009 and June 2011. Pathogens and risk factors were studied in 216 severe cases. RESULTS: Of the 216 severe cases, 138 (63.9%) were aged from 6 months to 2 years, and 161 (74.5%) developed the disease in the winter and spring; 177 (81.9%) were affected by 1-4 pathogens besides adenovirus, including 74 cases (34.3%) infected with one pathogen as an addition. A total of 334 pathogen strains were identified from the respiratory secretions and sera of the 216 cases. Of them, 163 (48.8%) were bacterial strains, dominated by Gram-negative bacteria (124 strains), 108 (32.3%) were viral strains, and 40 (12.0%) were fungal strains. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that congenital heart disease, congenital airway abnormalities, nutritional anemia, recurrent pulmonary infection, and surgical history were the independent risk factors for severe adenovirus pneumonia in children, with odds ratios of 3.3, 11.1, 7.2, 14.3 and 12.9 respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Severe adenovirus pneumonia is mostly seen in children aged from 6 months to 2 years and occurs frequently in the winter and spring. Many cases are also infected with other pathogens, most commonly Gram-negative bacteria. Congenital heart disease, congenital airway abnormalities, nutritional anemia, recurrent pulmonary infection and surgical history are the independent risk factors for severe adenovirus pneumonia in children.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 375-378 [Abstract] ( 6506 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 936KB] ( 2172 )
379 LIU Lin, DONG Lin, XU Yue-Bo, CHEN Zhao-Xing, FAN Jie-Min
Clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance in children with invasive Acinetobacter baumannii infection
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance in children with invasive Acinetobacter baumannii infection (IABI). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and drug sensitivity data of 52 children with IABI between January 2004 and December 2011. RESULTS: Of the 52 children with IABI, 35 (67%) were less than one year old and 35 (67%) had IABI in the summer and autumn, 19 (37%) of these children were clinically diagnosed with septicemia, 16 (31%) with urinary tract infection, and 12 (23%) with skin and soft tissue infection, and 38 (73%) of them suffered from underlying diseases. The incidence rates of hospital-acquired and community-acquired IABIs were 90% and 10% respectively; 44 cases (85%) were cured or showed improvement in symptoms, and 8 cases (15%) died. All the IAB strains isolated from these children were sensitive to amikacin, 82% of them were sensitive to imipenem, more than 70% were sensitive to fluoroquinolone and to cefoperazone/sulbactam, 13% were sensitive to cefoperazone, 8% were sensitive to aztreonam, 21% developed multidrug resistance, and 17% developed pan-drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS: IABI occurs more frequently in children under one year of age, and most children with IABI have underlying diseases. IABI mainly results in septicemia, urinary tract infection and skin and soft tissue infection and is mostly hospital-acquired. Multi-drug resistance and pan-drug resistance are severe in IAB strains.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 379-382 [Abstract] ( 5748 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 940KB] ( 1383 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
383 PAN Tao, XIAO Zhi-Hui
Expression of P38 MAPK and MMP-2 mRNA in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury
OBJECTIVE: To observe P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression level changes in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury,and to investigate the influence of P38 MAPK activation on MMP-2 mRNA expression. METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: air control, hyperoxia and SB203580-treated hyperoxia (n=12). The rats were sacrificed on the 3rd and 7th days and the lungs were removed. Hematoxylin-eosine staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. RESULTS: Compared with the air and SB203580-treated groups, levels of P38 MAPK and MMP-2 mRNA significantly increased in the hyperoxia group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of P38 MAPK increases in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury and this may play a role in control of the expression of MMP-2 mRNA.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 383-386 [Abstract] ( 5407 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1375KB] ( 910 )
387 JIANG Meng, WANG Lin, JIANG Hai-He
Role of spinal MAPK-ERK signal pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury Hot!

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of spinal MAPK-ERK signal pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats (80-100 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham (n=10), PD98059 (n=25) and I/R groups (n=25). Three days after successful intrathecal implantation, 5 μg DMSO was injected intrathecally into the sham group, and then the left coronary arteries were separated without being tied. Rats in the I/R and PD98059 groups were injected with 5 μL DMSO and PD98059 (5 μg) 30 minutes before thoractomy respectively. Then the left coronary artery was tied for 30 minutes followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. After the experiments, the ERK phosphorylation condition of T1-T4 spinal cord segments was detected with immunofluorescence; the myocardiac apoptosic index and infarct size were measured. RESULTS: Expression of p-ERK in the I/R group was significantly higher than in the sham and PD98059 groups (P<0.05). Myocardial apoptotic index and infarct size in the PD98059 group were significantly lower than in the I/R group (P<0.05), but higher in the PD98059 group than in the sham group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The MAPK-ERK pathway in the superior thorathic spinal cord can be activated by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and inhibition of the pathway can play a protective role in myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 387-391 [Abstract] ( 5650 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1560KB] ( 1077 )
CASE REPORT
392 HU Shu-Wen, LIU Min, SANG Yan-Mei
Treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism with octreotide: a case report
No abstract available
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 392-393 [Abstract] ( 4405 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 903KB] ( 1199 )
394 LI Lin, WEN De-Liang
Trisomy 18 syndrome in a test-tube Amerasian infant
No abstract available
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 394-395 [Abstract] ( 4470 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1088KB] ( 1384 )
REVIEW
396 ZHAO Wen-Ting, YU Hui-Min
Research progress on periventricular white matter damage pathogenesis in preterm infants

Periventricular white matter damage is one of the characteristics of brain damage in preterm infants, and it is the most important type of encephalopathy. The pathological changes including the white matter of coagulation necrosis, oligodendrocyte damage, myelin damage, axonal injury and reactive gliosis and microglia infiltration in necrotic areas. All of these lesions are closely related to the nervous system sequelae in later-neonatal period. The pathogenesis of periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants are mainly cause by its immature brain vascular, and precursor oligodendrocytes of the attack of hypoxia, ischemia, infection, oxygen free radicals, inflammatory cytokines, increasing glutamate, and other high-risk factors. In this paper, an overview of progress in the study of the pathogenesis of periventricular white matter damage in premature infants through literature review to provide a theoretical support for clinical prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
2013 Vol. 15 (5): 396-400 [Abstract] ( 6781 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 972KB] ( 1830 )
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