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2014 Vol.  16 No.  6
Published: 2014-06-15
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
TOPIC OF ANTI-NMDAR ENCEPHALITIS
CLINICAL RESEARCH
CASE REPORT
TOPIC OF ANTI-NMDAR ENCEPHALITIS
567 QIAO Na-Na, SUN Ruo-Peng
Etiology of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a type of newly recognized autoimmune encephalitis which is commonly seen in children, but its precise etiology is still uncertain. To reveal the etiology of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is very necessary for understanding its pathology, and for starting immune-related therapy as early as possible to improve its prognosis. In the initial literature, tumor, especially teratoma is more related with the anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In recent research, its etiology is related to infection and heredity. This article reviews the recognition and variation of the etiology of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 567-570 [Abstract] ( 5448 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 910KB] ( 1201 )
571 LIU Meng-Jia, ZOU Li-Ping
Research advances in pathogenesis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most prevalent type of encephalitis. Investigating the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis will enhance our understanding of this disease and play a central part in providing reasonable treatment for the patients. The pathogenesis is elucidated as follows: (1) the findings of the relationship between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and tumors; (2) further research on the relationship between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and tumors; (3) NMDAR epitopes and the autoimmunity of patients; (4) the interaction between antibody and NMDAR; (5) the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis without tumors. This review gives a brief introduction to the methodology and way of finding out the valuable clinical problems and making a clear and explicit explanation of them by exhibiting the process of discovering the disease, disclosing its relationship with tumors, and investigating its pathological and molecular mechanism. Current studies have demonstrated that anti-NMDAR encephalitis is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system that is closely associated with tumors, particularly ovarian teratoma.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 571-574 [Abstract] ( 4660 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 962KB] ( 1350 )
575 JIANG Yu-Wu, JI Tao-Yun
Clinical presentations of pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is one of the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children with characterized clinical features. Here we review clinical presentations of typical and atypical anti-NMDAR encephalitis and characteristics of clinical presentations of pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 575-577 [Abstract] ( 5315 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 919KB] ( 1463 )
578 WANG Hua
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children
Autoimmune encephalitis is rare and has various clinical manifestations, which may hamper the correct diagnosis. Therefore, the pediatrician should be familiar with the clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory features, neuroimaging changes, immunological characteristics, and differential diagnosis of this disease. In order to correctly diagnose anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations including detection of oligoclonal bands, brain MRI scanning, and routine EEG and/or 24 hours video EEG should be performed in children. For highly suspected cases, particularly children presenting with psychiatric symptoms and epileptic seizures, examinations should be done to detect anti-NMDAR antibodies (Abs) in serum and CSF. A notable feature in children is the EEG pattern named "extreme delta brush", which may help confirm the clinical diagnosis. Anti-NMDAR Abs in CSF is the diagnostic "gold-standard" for this disease. The differential diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is broad. In pediatric patients, the differential diagnosis should be made mainly with herpes simplex virus encephalitis, other autoimmune encephalitis, and psychosis.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 578-583 [Abstract] ( 6410 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1031KB] ( 2326 )
584 ZHONG Jian-Min
Management of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a new category of severe, potentially treatable autoimmune encephalitis and can appear in patients of all ages, but more frequently in children. It is a highly characteristic syndrome evolving in five stages: the prodromal phase (viral infection-like symptoms), psychotic phase, unresponsive phase, hyperkinetic phase, and gradual recovery phase. The treatment for this disorder includes firstline immunotherapy (steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis), second-line immunotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide), and tumor removal. Hereby the progresses, selections and shortcomings of the treatment protocols for this disease are introduced.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 584-588 [Abstract] ( 6498 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1032KB] ( 1687 )
CLINICAL RESEARCH
589 WANG Ying-Jie, MAO Jian
Types of acute hypoxic-ischemic brain injury due to perinatal sentinel events in neonates Hot!

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of acute hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) due to perinatal sentinel events in neonates. Methods Forty-six neonates with acute HIBI who were admitted between January 2004 and May 2013, and who had a history of major cardiopulmonary resuscitation, were enrolled in the study. They were classified into full-term and preterm infants to analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics. Results Among full-term infants, the incidence rates of white matter injury, cortical injury, basal ganglia /thalamic injury, and brain stem injury were 95%, 90%, 75%, and 65%, respectively; among preterm infants, the incidence rates of white matter injury, cortical injury, basal ganglia/thalamic injury, and brain stem injury were 73%, 23%, 19%, and 15%, respectively. Compared with full-term infants, preterm infants had a significantly lower incidence of gray matter injury in the cortex, basal ganglia/thalamus, and brain stem (P<0.05). About 46% of all subjects had multiple organ dysfunction. The 20 full-term infants with HIBI had typical clinical manifestations; 19 (95%) of them had moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy, with mixed lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and moderate or severe basal ganglia/thalamic injury was found in 68% of these patients. Multiple organ dysfunction, various abnormal neurological manifestations, and arterial blood pH less than 7.1 were closely related to moderate or severe brain injury. Conclusions White matter injury is the most common type of HIBI. Gray matter injury can be found in preterm infants, but the incidence is lower than that in full-term infants. Moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy is mainly manifested as basal ganglia/thalamic injury on MRI. Evaluation of multiple organ dysfunction and abnormal neurological manifestations and early blood gas analysis are very important for the diagnosis of neonatal HIBI.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 589-595 [Abstract] ( 5117 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1810KB] ( 1132 )
596 CUI Yin-Zhu, ZHANG Qian-Shen, HE Hong-Yun, CHEN Chun
Analysis of survival and prognostic factors in extremely preterm infants
Objective To investigate the survival rate, complications during hospitalization, and prognostic factors in extremely preterm infants (gestational age less than 28 weeks) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 90 extremely preterm infants who were admitted to the NICU between January 2011 and March 2013 to investigate the perinatal data, delivery and resuscitation, ventilation/ oxygen supply during hospitalization, mortality, and the incidence of severe (grade III/IV) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and septicemia. Results Among the 90 extremely preterm infants, the gestational age, birth weight, overall survival rate, mortality, and withdrawal rate were 26±1 weeks, 898±165 g, 57%, 9%, and 34%, respectively. The incidence rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, BPD, PDA, ROP, and grade III/IV IVH were 88%, 85%, 69%, 68%, and 31%, respectively. The surviving infants had a mean length of hospital stay of 83±18 days and a mean weight at discharge of 2419±300 g. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that grade III/IV IVH and pulmonary hemorrhage were high-risk factors for death or withdrawal, while antenatal corticosteroids were the protective factor for outcome (P<0.05). Conclusions The survival rate of extremely preterm infants is still much lower than that in developed countries. grade III/IV IVH, and pulmonary hemorrhage are important prognostic factors.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 596-600 [Abstract] ( 4542 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1199KB] ( 1193 )
601 WANG Lian, LI Juan, MAO Jian, ZHANG Jing, CHEN Dan
Prognostic factors in very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight infants
Objective To analyze the clinical data of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) (birth weight ≤1 200 g) and to provide prewarning indicators for prognostic evaluation and clinical intervention. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 108 VLBWIs and ELBWIs to investigate the maternal history of diseases during pregnancy, neonatal birth status, the process of diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine prognostic factors. Results Of the 108 preterm infants, 15 had a birth weight of <800 g, 29 had a birth weight of 800-999 g, and 64 had a birth weight of 1000-1200 g. The mortality was 33.3% (36/108). Placenta previa and Apgar score ≤3 at 5 minutes were the main risk factors for death within 24 hours of birth; premature rupture of membrane, Apgar score ≤3 at 5 minutes, and pulmonary hemorrhage were the main risk factors for death between 24 hours and 7 days after birth; late-onset sepsis caused by invasive fungal infection was an independent risk factor for death over 7 days after birth, while pregnancyinduced hypertension syndrome was a protective factor. Conclusions The mortality in VLBWIs and ELBWIs is relatively high, and the prognostic factors vary between preterm infants of different ages. Clinicians should discuss management options for the infants on the basis of these findings to increase the survival of preterm infants.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 601-605 [Abstract] ( 5465 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1227KB] ( 1553 )
606 HUA Xin-Tian, TANG Jun, MU De-Zhi
Effect of oral administration of probiotics on intestinal colonization with drugresistant bacteria in preterm infants
Objective To evaluate the effect of oral administration of probiotics on intestinal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods A doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in the preterm infants who were transferred to the NICU immediately after birth. These infants were stratified by whether they were breastfed and then randomized into test group and control group. The test group was given probiotics from the day when enteral feeding began, while the control group was treated conventionally without probiotics. The two groups were compared in terms of the colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, as assessed by rectal swabs on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after birth, and the incidence of diseases. Results Rectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria was found in the test group (n=119) and control group (n=138) on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after birth. There were no significant differences in the incidence of late-onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis between the two groups (P>0.05). Among non-breastfed infants, the test group had significantly decreased rectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria compared with the control group on day 14 after birth (71.1% vs 88.9%; P=0.04). No probiotic-related adverse events were observed in the study. Conclusions Oral administration of probiotics may reduce rectal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria in preterm infants under certain conditions and shows good safety.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 606-609 [Abstract] ( 5337 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1176KB] ( 1551 )
610 LI Ting, JIANG Hong, LIU Dong-Yun, LI Xiang-Hong
Risk factors for the failure of the InSure method in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome
Objective To study the risk factors for the failure of the InSure method in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods Seventy-one very preterm infants with RDS treated with InSure method were enrolled. These infants were categorized into two groups: InSure success (42 cases) and InSure failure (29 cases). The differences in basic information were compared between the two groups, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for InSure failure. Results The failure rate of the InSure method was 41%. The failure group were much lower in the birth weight, the antenatal steroids utilization rate and the vaginal delivery rate than the success group (P<0.05). The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in the failure group was significantly higher than in the success group (P<0.05). PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and PaO2/PAO2 in the failure group were significantly lower than in the success group (P<0.05). PaCO2 in the failure group was much higher than in the success group (P<0.05). Further logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight <1 150 g (OR=22.240 95%CI=2.124-232.901), PaCO2>54 mm Hg(OR=9.360, 95%CI=1.958-44.741, and PaO2/FiO2 <195 (OR=6.570, 95%CI=1.027-42.003), were the independmend risk factors for InSure failure. Furthermore, the duration of oxygen therapy, the total time of hospitalization and the incidence of BPD in the failure group were much longer and higher than in the success group (P<0.05). Conclusions Low birth weight, elevated PaCO2 and low PaO2/PiO2 ratio are the risk factors for the failure of the InSure method in very preterm infants.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 610-613 [Abstract] ( 4670 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1191KB] ( 1187 )
614 LIU Xiao-Ming, ZHOU Jian-Feng, ZHANG Pei-Hong, RUAN Min, ZHANG Li, ZOU Yao, CHEN Yu-Mei, ZHU Xiao-Fan
Expression of SIRT1 in bone marrow biopsy tissues and its clinical significance among children with acute myeloid leukemia
Objective To determine the expression level of silent mating-type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) in bone marrow biopsy tissues among children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and analyze its relationship with the prognosis of AML patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 54 children who were diagnosed with AML between July 2009 and April 2012 and who underwent bone marrow biopsy at diagnosis. The expression of SIRT1 in bone marrow was measured by immunohistochemistry. The 54 patients were divided into two groups according to the expression of SIRT1: SIRT1-negative (n=10) and SIRT1- positive (n=44). The SIRT1-positive group was further divided into three subgroups: SIRT1(+) (n=8), SIRT1(++) (n=7) and SIRT1(+++) (n=29) according to the expression levels of SIRT1. Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the unfavorable factors for long survival in children with AML. Results The SIRT1(+++) subgroup had a significantly higher mortality than the SIRT1-negative group (P<0.05). Compared with the SIRT1-negative group, the SIRT1-positive group had a significantly lower 2-year overall survival rate (P<0.05) and a significantly lower 2-year event-free survival rate (P<0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that positive expression of SIRT1 was an unfavorable factor for long-term survival in children with AML, with a risk coefficient of 2.071 (95% CI: 1.017-4.219; P=0.045). Conclusions SIRT1 is overexpressed in some of pediatric AML patients, and the overexpression of SIRT1 is associated with poor prognosis.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 614-618 [Abstract] ( 4689 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1873KB] ( 757 )
619 DIAO Yu-Qiao, QU Fan, YANG Ming-Juan, MENG Jian-Hui, ZHU Xiu-Li, CHEN Jian
ZO-1 gene methylation status and its clinical significance in children with non- Hodgkin lymphoma
Objective To investigate the methylation status of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) gene promoter and its clinical significance in children with stage IV non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and to provide a basis for further etiological study and early diagnosis of this disease. Methods Fifty-five children with a confirmed diagnosis of stage IV NHL (40 cases of T-NHL and 15 cases of B-NHL) were selected as the case group, and 20 children with diseases other than hematologic malignancies were selected as the control group. Bone marrow samples were collected from these subjects. Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was applied to evaluate the methylation status of ZO-1 gene promoter, and the integrated optical density (IOD) was determined. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of ZO-1. Results MS-PCR showed that the methylated bands of ZO-1 gene promoter were found in 39 (70.9%) of 55 patients in the case group before treatment, while no ZO-1 gene promoter methylation was detected in the control group. With close tracking of 47 cases in the study group, consisting of 32 cases of T-NHL and 15 cases of B-NHL, the rates of ZO-1 gene promoter methylation prior to treatment were 72% and 67%, respectively, (P>0.572). The cases of T-NHL and B-NHL showed no significant changes in methylation rate in the early and middle phases of chemotherapy (P>0.05), but they showed significant changes in methylation rate in the late phase of chemotherapy (P<0.05). RT-PCR showed that the NHL cases carrying methylated ZO-1 gene had no mRNA expression of ZO-1, while all children in the control group had mRNA expression of ZO-1. There was no linear relationship between the total number of peripheral blood leukocytes and ZO-1 gene IOD (r=0.093, P=0.575); a positive correlation was found between the number of malignant cells in bone marrow and ZO-1 gene IOD (r=0.669, P<0.001). Conclusions ZO-1 gene shows a hypermethylation status in children with NHL, and the methylation level is positively correlated with the number of malignant cells in bone marrow. ZO-1 may be used as a novel molecular marker in early diagnosis, outcome assessment, prognostic evaluation, and detection of minimal residual disease.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 619-623 [Abstract] ( 4474 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1266KB] ( 934 )
624 WANG Qiao, DING Yuan, WANG Jing-Min, HUANG Qiong-Hui, ZHAO Cheng-Feng, LIU Yu-Peng, LI Xi-Yuan, WU Tong-Fei, SONG Jin-Qing, WANG Yu-Jie, YANG Yan-Ling
Clinical and ATP7A gene analysis of three infants with Menkes disease and prenatal diagnosis for a fetus at risk
Menkes disease is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by multi-systemic disorder of copper deficiency caused by ATP7A gene mutation. In this study, the clinical and laboratory features of three patients with Menkes disease were analyzed. Prenatal diagnosis had been performed for a fetus of a family. Three patients were admitted at the age of 8-9 months due to severe epilepsies and marked delayed psychomotor development. Significantly light complexion, pudgy cheeks and sparse fuzzy wooly hair were observed. On their cranial MR imaging, cortical atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, basal ganglia damage and tormesity of the intracranial vessels were found. Their plasma ceruloplasmin decreased to 70.2, 73.5 and 81 mg/L, significantly lower than normal range (210-530 mg/L). c.3914A>G (p. D1305G) was detected on ATP7A gene of case 1 and 2. A novel mutation, c.3265G>T (p.G1089X) was found in case 3. Both of them were firstly found in Chinese patients of Menkes disease. The mother of case 1 was tested at 20 weeks of pregnancy. Karyotype and ATP7A gene studies of the amniocytes were performed for the prenatal diagnosis of her fetus. Normal male karyotypes without c.3914A>G mutation on ATP7A gene was showed. Postnatal genetic analysis and normal development confirmed the prenatal diagnosis.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 624-628 [Abstract] ( 4774 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1309KB] ( 999 )
629 LI Yan-Fei, PENG Tao, DUAN Ran-Ran, WANG Xiao-Han, GAO Hui-Li, WANG Jing-Tao, TENG Jun-Fang, JIA Yan-Jie
A preliminary study of plasma microRNA levels in children with methylmalonic acidemia
Objective To screen out differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the plasma of children with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), to determine the expression of miR-9-1 in plasma and to preliminarily evaluate the significance of miR-9-1 as a biomarker in MMA. Methods Plasma was obtained from 17 MMA children, 10 hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) children without MMA (HHcy group), and 10 normal controls. Of 17 MMA children, 12 had HHcy (MMA+HHcy group), and 5 had no HHcy (MMA group). The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened out by miRNA microarray. Differentially expressed miR-9-1 was selected, and plasma miR-9-1 levels were determined by RT-PCR. Urine was collected from MMA patients who received vitamin B12 treatment, and plasma miR-9-1 levels were determined by RT-PCR after treatment. Results The miRNA microarray analysis showed that 26 miRNAs were differentially expressed, among which 16 miRNAs (including miR-9-1) were down-regulated over 2 times, while 10 miRNAs were up-regulated over 2 times. The MMA+HHcy, MMA and HHcy groups had significantly down-regulated miR-9-1 compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). The patients who showed a good response to vitamin B12 treatment had significantly increased plasma miR-9-1 levels, without significant difference compared with the normal control group. Conclusions Plasma miR-9-1 is significantly down-regulated in MMA patients, but it is significantly up-regulated after vitamin B12 treatment, suggesting that miR-9-1 may act as a biomarker in monitoring the progression of MMA.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 629-633 [Abstract] ( 4213 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1542KB] ( 911 )
634 WANG Di, WANG Chun-Lin
Orthogonal factor analysis of metabolic syndrome components in children and adolescents in the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China
Objective To study the relationship between various metabolic syndrome (MS) components in children and adolescents and to explore its potential pathophysiological mechanism. Methods A total of 1 550 children and adolescents aged 7-14 years from the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China were enrolled in March 2010. The anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference, as well as blood pressure, were measured; after adjustment for age and sex, body mass index z score (BMI-z), waist circumference z score (WC-z), waist-to-hip ratio (WHp), and waist-to-height ratio (WHt) were calculated. Fasting blood samples were collected for determination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Principal component analysis was used for extraction of factors. Results Principal component analysis revealed 5 uncorrelated factors that cumulatively explained 77.76% of the observed variance. Adiposity factor, which accounted for 23.56% of the variance, was the primary factor; it consisted of 3 variables, i.e., WC-z, WHt, and BMI-z, in which WC-z had the highest loading. The remaining factors identified were blood lipid factor 1 (TG, CHOL, and LDL), blood pressure factor, blood lipid factor 2 (TG and HDL), and blood glucose and WHp factor (FPG and WHp). Conclusions More than one pathophysiological mechanism could account for the development of MS in children and adolescents. Obesity, especially central obesity, is the most important factor in the development of MS. Dyslipidemia may not fully explain insulin resistance; they may work together in MS.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 634-637 [Abstract] ( 4172 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1186KB] ( 750 )
638 WU Zhi-Feng, ZHANG Yu-Ping, ZHAO Cong-Min, XIAO Can, WANG Jing-Qiu, WU Chang-Li, LEI Li-Jun, OU Xiang-Qin, WU Yan
Establishment and application of Chinese Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory norms in Chongqing, China
Objective To establish the Chinese Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) norms in Chongqing, China. Methods PEDI (English version) was translated into Chinese and proof read by back-translation. A total of 1 140 children stratified by age were randomly selected from Chongqing and evaluated by the Chinese version of the PEDI. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. Results Of 1 140 questionnaires, 1 075 (94.3%) were valid. The data showed that the raw and scale scores of PEDI increased with age, but the standard scores did not increase with age. The raw, scale, and standard scores on self-care and social function scales were significantly lower than American PEDI norms in some age periods (P<0.05), but the raw, scale, and standard scores on mobility scale were not significantly different from American norms (P>0.05). Conclusions The PEDI norms in Chongqing have been successfully established, and can be used to assess the daily function in children, judge the degree of daily function impairment, evaluate the effect of rehabilitation training, and make the rehabilitation plan for disabled children.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 638-642 [Abstract] ( 4360 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1334KB] ( 791 )
643 LIU Hong-Hua, CHEN Jin-Jin
Effect of parental feeding behavior on eating behavior of children aged 1-3 years
Objective To investigate the relationship between the eating behavior of children aged 1-3 years and parental feeding behavior and the effect of family status on feeding behavior. Methods With stratified random sampling, 2324 children aged 1-3 years were selected from Shanghai. Questionnaires were filled out by their parents or feeders to investigate the basic family information, parental feeding behavior, the eating behavior of children, and the basic information on children. Results The eating behavior of children was positively correlated with eating environment (r=0.223) and parental monitoring behavior (r=0.245) but negatively correlated with parental compulsive behavior (r=-0.264) (P<0.01). Moreover, the food preferences of children were negatively correlated with parental compulsive behavior (r=-0.569) but positively correlated with parental monitoring behavior (r=0.615) and eating environment (r=0.621). The emotional undereating of children was positively correlated with parental emotional feeding (r=0.259) and parental compulsive behavior (r=0.279). Parental monitoring behavior showed significant differences between different families (P<0.05). Conclusions Parental feeding behavior is closely related to the eating behavior of children. Parental feeding behavior may vary across different family status.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 643-647 [Abstract] ( 4059 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1380KB] ( 956 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
648 QIANG Ba-Cuo-Zhen, XIE Liang, LIU Han-Min, FAN Zhi-Yu, CHEN Li-Na
Relationship between Hes-1 and airway inflammation and remodeling in a rat model of asthma
Objective To study the changes of Hes-1, the target gene of Notch signaling pathway, and its relationship with airway inflammation and remodeling in a rat model of asthma. Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into an asthma group and a control group. The rats in the asthma group were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA), and normal saline was used in the control group. Two groups were further divided into 3 subgroups according to time points after challenging, i.e. 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks (n=8 rats each). Pathological changes of lungs were observed by light microscopy and the thickness of bronchial smooth muscle layer (Wam) was measured. The levels of IL-4 and INF-γ in rat serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were measured using ELISA. Expression levels of Hes-1 protein and mRNA were determined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR respectively. Results Together with the extension of challenging, the Wam of rats in the asthma group increased, a decrease of INF-γ level and an increase of IL-4 level in serum and BALF were also observed, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those in the corresponding control group (P<0.05). Hes-1 protein and mRNA levels also increased gradually after OVA challenging and were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of Hes-1 protein and mRNA were positively correlated with Wam and IL-4 in serum and BALF, but were inversely correlated with INF-γ in serum and BALF (P<0.05). Conclusions Levels of Hes-1 protein and mRNA increased, which were closely related with the levels of airway inflammatory factors and remodeling of airway smooth muscle. Hes-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 648-653 [Abstract] ( 4418 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4120KB] ( 947 )
CASE REPORT
654 WEI Hong-Ling, WEI Ling, TANG Ya-Nan
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in two children

No abstract available
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 654-656 [Abstract] ( 3810 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1399KB] ( 1041 )
657 YU Ze-Kun, ZHOU Wen-Li, SHI Shan, et al
Atipical meningococcal meningitis in an infant

No abstract available
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 657-658 [Abstract] ( 3184 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 922KB] ( 671 )
659 HUANG Jing, LU Qi, YU Jia-Lin
Thyroid storm in a newborn infant

No abstract available
2014 Vol. 16 (6): 659-660 [Abstract] ( 3652 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 930KB] ( 884 )
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