目的：了解小儿重症腺病毒肺炎混合感染情况及高危因素分析。方法：回顾性收集2009年6月至2011年6月756例小儿腺病毒肺炎临床资料，对其重症者（216例）进行病原及高危因素分析。结果：重症腺病毒肺炎216例患儿中，6个月至2岁者有138例（63.9%），冬春季患病有161例（74.5%）；177例(81.9%)合并其他病原感染，其中74例（34.3%）合并一种致病原感染，最多可达五重感染。216例呼吸道分泌物及血清共检出334株病原，细菌163株（48.8%），以革兰阴性菌为主（124株）；病毒108株(32.3%)；真菌40株（12.0%）。Logistic 多因素分析显示，先天性心脏病、先天性气道发育异常、营养性贫血、反复肺部感染及既往有手术病史是小儿重症腺病毒肺炎的独立危险因素，OR值分别为3.3、11.1、7.2、14.3、12.9(P<0.05）。结论：重症腺病毒肺炎多见于6个月至2岁患儿，冬春季易感，多与其他病原混合感染，以革兰阴性菌为主。先天性心脏病、先天性气道发育异常、营养性贫血、反复肺部感染、既往有手术病史是儿童重症腺病毒肺炎独立危险因素。

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mixed infection and analyze risk factors in children with severe adenovirus pneumonia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 756 children with adenovirus pneumonia between June 2009 and June 2011. Pathogens and risk factors were studied in 216 severe cases. RESULTS: Of the 216 severe cases, 138 (63.9%) were aged from 6 months to 2 years, and 161 (74.5%) developed the disease in the winter and spring; 177 (81.9%) were affected by 1-4 pathogens besides adenovirus, including 74 cases (34.3%) infected with one pathogen as an addition. A total of 334 pathogen strains were identified from the respiratory secretions and sera of the 216 cases. Of them, 163 (48.8%) were bacterial strains, dominated by Gram-negative bacteria (124 strains), 108 (32.3%) were viral strains, and 40 (12.0%) were fungal strains. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that congenital heart disease, congenital airway abnormalities, nutritional anemia, recurrent pulmonary infection, and surgical history were the independent risk factors for severe adenovirus pneumonia in children, with odds ratios of 3.3, 11.1, 7.2, 14.3 and 12.9 respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Severe adenovirus pneumonia is mostly seen in children aged from 6 months to 2 years and occurs frequently in the winter and spring. Many cases are also infected with other pathogens, most commonly Gram-negative bacteria. Congenital heart disease, congenital airway abnormalities, nutritional anemia, recurrent pulmonary infection and surgical history are the independent risk factors for severe adenovirus pneumonia in children.