目的 分析新生儿肠穿孔的临床特点,为改善新生儿肠穿孔的预后提供理论依据.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2014年6月入住新生儿重症监护病房的101例新生儿肠穿孔患儿的临床资料.结果 新生儿肠穿孔的主要病因是新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC,41例,40.6%),其次为特发性肠穿孔(17例,16.8%)、先天性巨结肠(10例,9.9%).特发性肠穿孔组患儿平均出生体重和平均胎龄明显高于NEC组(P<0.05);NEC组致病菌以肠球菌为主,特发性肠穿孔组以革兰阴性菌为主,两组病原菌分布不同(P<0.05).Logistic多元回归分析显示,酸中毒、多部位肠穿孔、穿孔至手术时间较长是新生儿死亡的独立危险因素.结论 新生儿肠穿孔病因多样,以NEC为主;NEC所致肠穿孔与特发性肠穿孔具有不同的致病菌,两者可能是相互独立的疾病;早期诊断、尽早手术是挽救新生儿肠穿孔患儿生命的主要措施.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal intestinal perforation and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the prognosis of this disease. Methods The clinical data of 101 patients with neonatal intestinal perforation who were hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2000 and June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results The main causes of neonatal intestinal perforation were neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, 41 cases, 40.6%), idiopathic intestinal perforation (17 cases, 16.8%), and congenital megacolon (10 cases, 9.9%). The average birth weight and average gestational age of the idiopathic intestinal perforation group were significantly higher than those of the NEC group (P<0.05). The main pathogen of the NEC group was enterococci, which accounted for 57% (13/23), while in the idiopathic intestinal perforation group Gram-negative bacteria became the major pathogen; the distribution of pathogens were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis found that acidosis, multi-site intestinal perforation, and prolonged perforation-operation interval were independent risk factors for death due to neonatal intestinal perforation. Conclusions Multiple causes contribute to neonatal intestinal perforation, and NEC is the major one. Neonatal intestinal perforation caused by NEC has different pathogens compared with idiopathic intestinal perforation, and the two diseases may be mutually independent. Early diagnosis and timely operation is the main measure to rescue the lives of patients with neonatal intestinal perforation.