疾病命名和疾病分类不仅与临床诊疗活动有关，还涉及医疗信息管理与交流、医疗费用支付、医疗保险赔付等领域。为规范临床医师的诊疗活动、病案记录和病案首页填报，本建议依据国际疾病命名法 （IND）和国际疾病分类 （ICD），阐述了普通的疾病命名、疾病分类的基本原则和方法；并针对临床实际问题，提出了新生儿这一类特殊人群的分类和新生儿疾病诊断的基本程序、书写规则和死亡诊断原则。

Nomenclature and classification of diseases are not only related to clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also involved in the fields such as management and exchange of medical information, medical expense payments, and medical insurance payment. In order to standardize clinical physicians' diagnostic and treatment activities, medical records, and the first page of medical records, this article elaborates on the basic principles and methods for nomenclature and classification of diseases with reference to international nomenclature of diseases and international classification of diseases. Meanwhile, in view of the problems in clinical practice, this article proposes the classification of neonatal diseases, the basic procedure and writing rules in the diagnosis of neonatal diseases, and death diagnosis principles.