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儿童厌食症的危险因素研究
Risk factors for anorexia in children
目的 探讨儿童厌食症的危险因素，以降低儿童厌食症的患病率。方法 采用问卷调查方式和病例对照研究方法收集150例厌食症儿童 （病例组）和150例正常儿童 （对照组）的一般资料，采用单因素分析和多因素logistic逐步回归分析研究儿童厌食症的危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示，病例组和对照组在添加辅食月龄、喂养方式、儿童是否喜欢肉食、是否喜欢蔬菜、是否喜欢咸食、是否常进食零食和/或饮料、是否边吃边玩、家长是否要求儿童按时进食等方面的差异有统计学意义 （P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，添加辅食时间晚 （OR=5.408）、常进食零食和/或饮料 （OR=11.813）、喜欢边吃边玩 （OR=6.654）是儿童厌食症的主要危险因素；而喜欢肉食 （OR=0.093）、喜欢蔬菜 （OR=0.272）以及家长要求儿童按时进食 （OR=0.079）是儿童厌食症的保护因素。结论 适时添加辅食、合理膳食、培养儿童正确的饮食和生活习惯可以减少儿童厌食症的发生。
Objective To investigate the risk factors for anorexia in children, and to reduce the prevalence of anorexia in children. Methods A questionnaire survey and a case-control study were used to collect the general information of 150 children with anorexia (case group) and 150 normal children (control group). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for anorexia in children. Results The results of the univariate analysis showed significant differences between the case and control groups in the age in months when supplementary food were added, feeding pattern, whether they liked meat, vegetables and salty food, whether they often took snacks and beverages, whether they liked to play while eating, and whether their parents asked them to eat food on time (P < 0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that late addition of supplementary food (OR=5.408), high frequency of taking snacks and/or drinks (OR=11.813), and eating while playing (OR=6.654) were major risk factors for anorexia in children. Liking of meat (OR=0.093) and vegetables (OR=0.272) and eating on time required by parents (OR=0.079) were protective factors against anorexia in children. Conclusions Timely addition of supplementary food, a proper diet, and development of children's proper eating and living habits can reduce the incidence of anorexia in children.
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