目的 探讨深度水解蛋白配方奶（EHF）喂养早产儿的有效性和安全性。方法 选取2007年1月至2016年12月收治住院的692例早产儿为研究对象，根据喂养方式不同分为EHF组（n=327）和标准早产儿配方奶喂养组（SPF组， n=365），收集两组早产儿住院期间资料，包括喂养不耐受情况、达全肠道喂养时间、首次排胎粪时间、胎粪排尽时间，以及大便是否有潜血、是否存在肠道感染或新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）、入院后3周血清白蛋白水平、皮肤黄疸出现时间及持续时间等指标进行回顾性分析。结果 两组开奶时间、首次胎粪排出时间、皮肤黄疸出现时间、入院第1、2周血清白蛋白水平、恢复出生体重时间等方面比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；EHF组喂养不耐受发生率、肠道感染率、大便潜血阳性率及NEC发生率均显著低于SPF组（P < 0.05）；EHF组胎粪排尽时间、达全肠道喂养时间、黄疸持续时间及住院时间均显著短于SPF组（P < 0.05）；入院第3周EHF组血清白蛋白水平高于SPF组（P < 0.05）。结论 EHF可降低早产儿喂养不耐受及NEC发生率，缩短黄疸持续时间，促进排便，使早产儿更早达到全肠道喂养，较SPF存在显著优势。

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) in preterm infants.Methods A total of 692 preterm infants between January 2007 and December 2016 were enrolled as subjects. According to the feeding pattern, they were divided into EHF group (327 infants) and standard preterm formula (SPF) group (365 infants). A retrospective analysis was performed for their clinical data during hospitalization, including the incidence of feeding intolerance, time to establish full enteral feeding, time to first excretion of meconium, time to complete excretion of meconium, presence or absence of intestinal infection or neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), serum albumin level within 3 weeks after admission, and time to the appearance of skin jaundice and its duration.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in the starting time of breastfeeding, time to first excretion of meconium, time to the appearance of skin jaundice, serum albumin level at weeks 1 and 2 after admission, and time to recovery of birth weight (P > 0.05). Compared with the SPF group, the EHF group had significantly lower incidence rates of feeding intolerance, intestinal infection, and NEC and a significantly lower positive rate of stool occult blood test (P < 0.05), as well as significantly shorter time to complete excretion of meconium, duration to establish full enteral feeding, duration of jaundice, and length of hospital stay (P < 0.05). At week 3 after admission, the EHF group had a significantly higher serum albumin level than the SPF group (P < 0.05).Conclusions EHF can reduce the incidence rates of feeding intolerance and NEC in preterm infants, shorten the duration of jaundice, promote defecation, and help them to achieve full enteral feeding early. It has significant advantages over SPF.