Children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection in Saskatchewan pediatric tertiary care centers, 2002-2005

Ayisha Kurji; Ben Tan; Jaya Bodani; Bonnie Janzen; Athena McConnell; Rachana Bodani; Derek Rajakumar; Anil Sharma; Koravangattu Sankaran

doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2014.10.010

PDF(1380 KB)

Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ›› 2014, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (10) : 1005-1013. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2014.10.010

TOPIC OF WORLD PNEUMONIA DAY

Children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection in Saskatchewan pediatric tertiary care centers, 2002-2005

Ayisha Kurji¹, Ben Tan¹, Jaya Bodani², Bonnie Janzen³, Athena McConnell¹, Rachana Bodani⁴, Derek Rajakumar¹, Anil Sharma⁴, Koravangattu Sankaran¹

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Objective To describe the epidemiology and severity of illness of children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, including those who received palivizumab prophylaxis, at Royal University Hospital (RUH), Saskatoon and Regina General Hospital (RGH) from July 2002 to June 2005. Methods Children hospitalized for ≥ 24 hours with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection were enrolled, and their health records were retrospectively reviewed for patient demographics and referral patterns, use of palivizumab prophylaxis, severity of infection (length of hospitalization, need for and duration of pediatric intensive care and mechanical ventilation) and outcome of infection. Results A total of 590 children (324 males) were hospitalized over the three years. The median chronological age at admission was 5.3 months, and median hospital stay was 4.0 days. Gestational age at birth was ≥ 36 weeks in 82.4% of patients. RSV disease severity was mild to moderate in 478 patients (81.0%) and severe in 110 (18.6%). Thirty-nine patients (6.6%) required pediatric intensive care unit admission, for a median of 5.0 days. Twenty-two of these patients (56%) were mechanically ventilated for a median of 6.0 days. Two children died, not attributed to RSV infection. Twenty-two patients had received palivizumab prophylaxis before hospital admission, with 18 completing at least 2 of the monthly doses. Most of these children (17/22) had mild to moderate illness. Conclusions RSV causes significant morbidity in Saskatchewan, affecting predominantly term infants. The majority of illness is mild to moderate. Some patients who have received palivizumab may still develop significant RSV disease.

Key words

Respiratory syncytial virus / Palivizumab / Child

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

Ayisha Kurji, Ben Tan, Jaya Bodani, Bonnie Janzen, Athena McConnell, Rachana Bodani, Derek Rajakumar, Anil Sharma, Koravangattu Sankaran. Children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection in Saskatchewan pediatric tertiary care centers, 2002-2005[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2014, 16(10): 1005-1013 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2014.10.010

References

[1] Paes BA, Mitchell I, Banerji A, et al. A decade of respiratorysyncytial virus epidemiology and pophylaxis: translatingevidence into everyday prophylaxis[J/OL]. Can Respir J, 2011,18(2): e10-e19.
[2] Greenough A, Cox S, Alexander J, et al. Health care utilizationof infants with chronic lung disease, related to hospitalizationfor RSV infection[J]. Arch Dis Child, 2001, 85(6): 463-468.
[3] Meissner HC. Selected populations at increased risk fromrespiratory syncytial virus infection[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J,2003, 22(2 Suppl): S40-S44.
[4] Mitchell A, Tough S, Gillis L, et al. Beyond randomizedcontrolled trials: a “real life” experience of respiratorysyncytial virus infection prevention in infancy with and withoutpalivizumab[J]. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2006, 41(12): 1167-1174.
[5] Nair H, Nokes DJ, Gessner BD, et al. Global burden of acutelower respiratory infection due to respiratory syncytial virus inyoung children: a systematic reiew and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet,2010, 375(9725): 1545-1555.
[6] Shay DK, Holman RC, Roosevelt GE, et al. Bronchiolitisassociatedmortality and estimates of respiratory syncytial virusassociateddeaths among US children, 1979-1997[J]. J InfectDis, 2001, 183(1): 16-22
[7] Resch B, Sommer C, Nuitjen M, et al. Cost-effectiveness ofpalivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus infection in high riskchildren, based on long-term epidemiologic data from Austria[J/OL]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2012, 31 (1): e1-e8.
[8] Canadian Pediatric Society Infectious Diseases andImmunization Committee. Prevention of respiratory syncytialvirus infection[J]. Pediatr Child Health, 2009, 14(8): 521-526.
[9] Langley GF, Anderson LJ. Epidemiology and prevention ofrespiratory syncytial virus infections among infants and youngchildren[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2011, 30(6): 510-517.
[10] Welliver RC Sr, Checchia PA, Bauman JH, et al. Fatality rates inpublished reports of RSV hospitalizations among high-risk andotherwise healthy children[J]. Curr Med Res Opin, 2010, 26(9):2175-2181.
[11] Banerji A, Greenberg D, White LF, et al. Risk factors associatedwith hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infections inCanadian Inuit children: a case control study[J]. Pediatr InfectDis J, 2009, 28(8): 697-701.
[12] Andabaka T, Nickerson JW, Rojas-Reyes MX, et al. Monoclonalantibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virusinfection in children (review) [J]. Cochrane Database ofSystematic Reviews, 2013, (4), art. no: CD006602.
[13] Turti TV, Baibarina EN, Degtiareva EA, et al. A prospective,open-label, non-comparative study of palivizumab prophylaxisin children at high risk of serious respiratory syncytial virusdisease in the Russian Federation[J]. BMC Res Notes, 2012, 5:484-490.
[14] Statistics Canada. 2007. Saskatchewan Landing No. 167;Saskatchewan (Code4708038) (table). 2006 CommunityProfiles. 2006 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 92-591-XWE. Ottawa [DB/OL]. Released March 13, 2007. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/index.cfm?Lang=E.
[15] Tan B; Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases andImmunization Committee. Palivizumab and respiratory syncytialvirus globulin intravenous for the prophylaxis of respiratorysyncytial virus infection in high risk infants[J]. Paediatr ChildHealth, 1999, 4 (7): 474-480.
[16] Langley JM; Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseasesand Immunization Committee. Use of palivizumab in childrenwith congenital heart disease[J]. Paediatr Child Health, 2003,8(10): 631-633.
[17] Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane, MK et al. The burden ofrespiratory syncytial virus in young children[J]. N Engl J Med2009, 360 (6): 588-598.
[18] Meissner HC. Commentary: the unresolved issue of risk factorsfor hospitalization of infants with respiratory syncytial virusinfection born after 33-35 weeks gestation[J]. Pediatr Infect DisJ, 2004, 23 (9): 821-823.
[19] Law B, Langley J, Allen U, et al. The pediatric investigatorscollaborative network on infections in Canada study ofpredictors of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virusinfection for infants born at 33 through 35 weeks gestation[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2004, 23 (9): 806-814.
[20] Figueras-Aloy J, Carbonell-Estrany X, Quero J. Case-controlstudy of the risk factors linked to respiratory syncytial virusinfection requiring hospitalization in premature infants born atgestational age of 33-35 weeks in Spain[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J,2004, 23 (9): 815-820.
[21] Hall CB, Powell KR, Schnabel KC, et al. Risk of secondarybacterial infection in infants hospitalized with respiratorysyncytial virus infection[J]. J Pediatr, 1988, 113 (2): 266-271.
[22] Kupperman N, Bank DE, Walton EA, et al. Risks for bacteremiaand urinary tract infection in young febrile children withbronchiolitis[J]. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 1997, 151(12):1207-1214.
[23] Hishiki H, Ishiwada N, Fukasawa C. Incidence of bacterialcoinfection with respiratory syncytial virus bronchopulmonaryinfection in pediatric inpatients[J/OL]. J Infect Chemother, 2011,17(1): 87-90.
[24] Hon KL, Leung TF, Cheng WY, et al. Respiratory syncytialvirus morbidity, premorbid factors, seasonality, and implicationsfor prophylaxis[J]. J Crit Care 2012, 27 (5): 464-468.
[25] Crowcroft NS, Zambon M, Harrison TG, et al. Respiratorysyncytial virus infection in infants admitted to paediatricintensive care units in London and in their families[J]. Eur JPediatr, 2008, 167(4): 395-399.
[26] Berger TM, Aebi C, Duppenthaler A, et al. Prospectivepopulation-based study of RSV-related intermediate care andintensive care unit admissions in Switzerland over a 4-yearperiod (2001-2005)[J]. Infection, 2009, 37(2): 109-116.
[27] Prais D, Danino D, Schonfeld T, et al. Impact of palivizumabon admission to the ICU for respiratory syncytial virusbronchiolitis: a national survey[J]. Chest, 2005, 128(4): 2765-2771.
[28] Sommer C, Resch B, Simoes EAF. Risk factors for severerespiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infection[J]. OpenMicrobiol J, 2011, 5(Suppl 2-M4): 144-154.
[29] Purcell K, Fergie J. Driscoll Children's Hospital respiratorysyncytial virus database: risk factors, treatment, and hospitalcourse in 3308 infants and young children 1991 to 2002[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2004, 23(5): 418-423.
[30] Levin D, Tribuzio M, Green-Wrzesinski T, et al. Empiricantibiotics are justified for infants wiwth respiratory syncytialvirus lower respiratory tract infection presenting with respiratoryfailure: a prospective study and evidence review[J]. Pediatr CritCare Med, 2010, 11(3): 390-395.
[31] Thorburn K, Harigopal S, Reddy V, et al. High incidenceof pulmonary bacterial co-infection in children with severerespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis[J]. Thorax, 2006,61(7): 611-615.
[32] The Impact-RSV Study Group. Palivizumab, a humanizedrespiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduceshospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in highrisk infants[J]. Pediatrics, 1998, 102(3): 531-537.
[33] Mitchell I, Paes BA, Li A, et al. CARESS: The Canadianregistry of palivizumab[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2011, 30(8):651-655.