Abstract：Dramatic advances in neonatal medicine over recent decades have resulted in decreased mortality and morbidity rates for extremely low birth weight infants. However, the survival of these infants is associated with short- and long-term morbidity, including severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, nosocomial infection and necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and adverse long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. This article reviewed the latest advances in the medical care for extremely low birth weight infants including survival rate, ethical issues and short- and long-term morbidity, domestically and abroad.
Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Walsh MC, et al. Neonatal Outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network[J]. Pediatrics, 2010, 126(3): 443-456.
[4]
Bader D, Kugelman A, Boyko V, Levitzki O, Lerner-Geva L, Riskin A, et al. Risk Factors and estimation tool for death among extremely premature infants: a national study [J]. Pediatrics 2010, 125(4): 696-703.
[5]
Itabashi K, Horiuchi T, Kusuda S, Kabe K, Itani Y, Nakamura T, et al. Mortality rates for extremely low birth weight infants born in Japan in 2005[J]. Pediatrics, 2009, 123: 445-450.
[6]
Stichtenoth G, Demmert M, Bohnhorst B, Stein A, Ehlers S, Heitmann F, et al. Major contributors to hospital mortality in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: data of the birth year 2010 cohort of the German Neonatal Network[J]. Klin Padiatr, 2002, 224(4): 276-281.
[7]
Shah P, Lee S, Yoon W, Chan P and Members of the Report Review Committee. CNN 2010 Annual Report-The Canadian Neonatal Network Le Reseau Neonatal Canadien Annual Report 2010 Rapport Annuel [DB/OL]. http://www.canadianneonatalnetwork.org/Portal/LinkClick.aspx? fileticket=vis_K7gRBsc%3D&tabid=39.
[8]
Geffers C, Baerwolff S, Schwab F, Gastmeier P. Incidence of healthcare-associated infections in high-risk neonates: results from the German surveillance system for very-low-birthweight infants[J]. J Hosp Infect, 2008, 68(3): 214-221.
[9]
Fanaroff AA, Stoll BJ, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Stark AR, et al Trends in neonatal morbidity and mortality for very low birthweight infants[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007, 196(2) 147.e1-e8.
[10]
Hahn WH, Chang JY, Chang YS, Shim KS, Bae CW. Recent trends in neonatal mortality in very low birth weight Korean Infants: In Comparison with Japan and the USA [J]. J Korean Med Sci, 2011, 26(4): 467-473.
[11]
Zecca E, De Luca D, Costa S, Romagnoli C. Reaching the limit of neonatal viability: how do we answer the question "how small is too small"?[J]. Acta Paediatr, 2005, 94(4): 508-509.
Vavasseur C, Foran A, Murphy JF. Consensus statements on the borderlands of neonatal viability: from uncertainty to grey areas[J]. Ir Med J, 2007, 100(8): 561-564.
[14]
Nishida H, Sakuma I. Limit of viability in Japan: ethical consideration [J] . J Perinat Med, 2009, 37(5): 457-460.
Isayama T, Lee SK, Mori R, Kusuda S, Fujimura M, Ye XY, et al. Comparison of mortality and morbidity of very low birth weight infants between Canada and Japan[J]. Pediatrics, 2012, 130(4): 957-965.
[24]
Stephens BE, Walden RV, Gargus RA, Tucker R, Mckinley L, Mance M, et al. First-week protein and energy intakes are associated with 18-month developmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants[J]. Pediatrics, 2009, 123(5): 1337-1343.
[25]
Lee JY, Kim HS, Jung E, Kim ES, Shim GH, Lee HJ, et al. Risk factors forperiventricular-intraven- tricular hemorrhage in premature infants[J]. Korean Med Sci, 2010, 25: 418-424.
Rong Z, Liu H, Xia S, Chang L. Risk and protective factors of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm babies in Wuhan, China[J]. Child's Nerv Syst, 2012, 28(12): 2077-2084.
[28]
Schlapbach LJ, Aebischer M, Adams M, Natalucci G, Bonhoeffer J, Latzin P, et al. Impact of sepsis. on neurodevelopmental outcome in a Swiss national cohort of extremely premature infants[J]. Pediatrics, 2011, 128(2): 348-357.
[29]
Hornik CP, Fort P, Clark RH, Watt K, Benjamin, Jr DK, Smith PB, et al. Early and late onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants from a large group of neonatal intensive care units[J]. Early Hum Dev, 2012, 88(2): 69-74.
[30]
Cipolla D, Giuffre M, Mammina C, Corsello G. Prevention of nosocomial infections and surve-illance of emerging resistances in NICU[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2011, 24 (1): 23-26.
Hammerman C, Bin-Nun A, Markovitch E, Schimmel MS, Kaplan M, Fink D. Ductal closure with paracetamol: a surprising new approach to patent ductus arteriosustreatment[J]. Pediatrics, 2011, 128: 1612-1618.
Austeng D, Kallen KBM, Ewald UW, Jakobsson PG, Holmstrom GE. Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in infants born before 27 weeks gestation in Sweden[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2009, 127 (10): 1315-1319.
Watterberg KL, American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Policy statement-postnatal corticosteroids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasis [J]. Pediatrics, 2010, 126(4): 800-808.
Kono Y, Mishina J, Yonemoto N, Kusuda S, Fujimura M. Outcomes of very-low-birthweight infants at 3 years of age born in 2003-2004 in Japan[J]. Pediatr Int, 2011, 53(6): 1051-1058.
[45]
Mercier CE. Dunn MS. Ferrelli KR. Howard DB. Soll RF. and the Vermont Oxford Network ELBW Infant Follow-Up Study Group.Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants from the Vermont Oxford Network: 1998-2003[J]. Neonatology, 2010, 97: 329-338.
