Objective To study the relationship between febrile convulsion (FC) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods One hundred and seventy-two children with FC were examined using Conner's abbreviated symptom questionnaire by neurological pediatrician and followed-up for 5 to 10 years.Results There were 41 cases of ADHD in 172 cases of FC. The morbidity of ADHD was significantly higher in the children with FC (23.8%, 41/172) than that children without FC (5.1%, 14/273), (P<0.01).The morbidity of ADHD was significantly higher in the FC children with fits frequency ≥4 and fits duration ≥30 min than those FC children with fits frequency <4 amd fits duration <30 min. Conclusions The results suggest that multiple and prolonged convulsion is one of causes of ADHD in children.Anticonvulsants and prophylaxis should be given to children with FC and with a risk of recurrence and epilepsy.