Objective To investigate the differences of behaviors and attitudes between the teenagers from urban and rural areas in some parts of Hunan. Methods Students from one middle school in Changsha City and one in Shaoshan area were investigated, respectively, with a unified questionnaire. The questionnaire covered attitudes and behaviors. The investigation was anonymous. Data were analyzed with the statistic software package from the Department of Epidemiology in Hunan Medical University. Results Except for the prefered life style and heterosexual idol, all the answers given by the students from both urban and rural areas had significant difference ( P < 0.01 ). However, in some items, students from both the city and the countryside had relatively unanimous opinions, with no statistical differnce ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusions Social factors are the determinants for the differences in psychological development between students from urban and rural areas. Nowadays, students from both the city and countryside have enhanced sexual consciousness.