OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between behavioral problems and family environment in children with asthma so as to provide theoretical bases for psychological intervention in general treatment measures in children with asthma. METHODS: The Family Environment Scale Manual (Chinese Version) (FES-CA) and Conners Child Behavioral Scale were used to investigate both behavioral problems and family environment in 100 children aged from 3 to 12 years (including 50 children with asthma and 50 healthy children). The results were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Behavioral problems were more prevalent in the asthmatic children than in the healthy children (36.0% VS 12.0% ); the differences were significant ( P < 0. 01); the family factors influencing the children's behavior with asthma were emotional expressiveness, conflict, cohesion and intellectual-cultural orientation. CONCLUSIONS: Child asthma is related to psychological family factors. So it is required to provide psychological and family intervention during medical treatments in children with asthma. [Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2003, 5(1): 17- 19]