Objective The pathogenic mechanism of asthma has not yet been explained. This paper aims to study the relationships between IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ and asthma so as to explore the immunologic pathogenesis of asthma. Methods The Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups: a Normal group (n=11) and an Asthma group (n=11). Asthma was induced by intraperitoneal injection of OVA and fog inhalation of OVA. Five days after asthma induction, the rats were sacrificed and their spleens were removed. Then the mononuclear cell suspension was prepared, cultured, and stimulated with OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in the supernatant were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The IL-4 level in the mononuclear cells of the Asthma group ( 64.56± 5.83 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that of the Normal group ( 24.66± 3.68 pg/ml) (P< 0.05), while the levels of IL-10 ( 34.13± 0.85 pg/ml) and IFN-γ ( 3.87± 0.48 pg/ml) were significantly lower than those of the Normal group [( 85.12± 6.13) and ( 14.51± 1.32) pg/ml, respectively] (P< 0.05). Conclusion IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ might be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.