Objective Prematurity is one of the leading causes of death and disability in neonates. To improve the management of premature infants, the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology, Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association established the guideline on the 7th National Neonatal Academic Conference in October 2004. The guideline makes references to management at birth, respiration management, prevention and treatment of cerebral injury of premature infants, prevention and treatment of infection, maintenance of stable blood glucose, nutritional management, management of feeding intolerance, fluid balance, management of patent ducts arteriosus (PDA), prevention and treatment of anemia, treatment of jaundice of prematurity, prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), hearing screening, nursing and follow-up following discharge.