OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensory integration function of children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) and explore the role of sensory integration dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PNE. METHODS: Sensory integration function was assessed by the Childhood Sensory Integration Ability Development Checklist in 46 children with PNE and 46 normal children (control). RESULTS: The incidence of sensory integration dysfunction in the PNE group (82.6%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (43.5%)(P<0.01). Seventeen patients (36.9%) presented with severe sensory integration dysfunction in the PNE group but only 1 (2.1%) in the control group (P<0.01). The scores of all nine sensory integration indexes revealed by sensory integration function testing in the PNE group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Children with PNE have sensory integration dysfunction. Sensory integration dysfunction may be associated with the pathogenesis of PNE.