Clinical and pathological features of Alport syndrome in children

ZHU Chun-Hua; HUANG Song-Ming; WU Hong-Mei; BAO Hua-Ying; CHEN Ying; HAN Yuan; ZHAO Fei; ZHANG Ai-Hua; ZHANG Wei-Zhen

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Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ›› 2010, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (3) : 188-191.

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Clinical and pathological features of Alport syndrome in children

ZHU Chun-Hua, HUANG Song-Ming, WU Hong-Mei, BAO Hua-Ying, CHEN Ying, HAN Yuan, ZHAO Fei, ZHANG Ai-Hua, ZHANG Wei-Zhen

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and pathological features of Alport syndrome in children. METHODS: The clinical and histopathological data of 10 hospitalized children with Alport syndrome from February 2007 to February 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were 7 males and 3 females, with the age ranging from 2 years to 6 years and 7 months (mean 3 years and 2 months). Five of 10 cases had positive family history. X-linked dominant inheritance Alport syndrome was diagnosed in 8 cases, and autosomal recessive inheritance Alport syndrome in 2 cases. Recurrent gross hematuria was found in 5 cases, hematuria and proteinuria in 3 cases, massive proteinuria in 1 case, and nephritic syndrome in 1 case. Under the light microscope, 8 cases presented with mesangial proliferation glomerulonephritis, and 2 cases with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Immunofluorescence assay showed that all cases had IgM deposition in glomerulus. Only 1 case showed typical glomerular basement membrane (GBM) pathological changes. All cases showed abnormal α-chain distribution in renal collagen IV. CONCLUSIONS: The children with Alport syndrome have diverse clinical manifestations. Characteristic histopathological presentations could not be found under a light microscope, mesangial proliferation glomerulonephritis is the dominant pathological change, and IgM deposition in glomerulus is common. The GBM pathological change in children is not common. Immunofluorescence assay of α-chain in collagen IV is needed for the diagnosis of Alport syndrome.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2010, 12 (3):188-191］

Key words

Alport syndrome / Clinical manifestation / Renal pathology / Collagen type IV / Child

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ZHU Chun-Hua, HUANG Song-Ming, WU Hong-Mei, BAO Hua-Ying, CHEN Ying, HAN Yuan, ZHAO Fei, ZHANG Ai-Hua, ZHANG Wei-Zhen. Clinical and pathological features of Alport syndrome in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2010, 12(3): 188-191

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