Abstract Non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (non-EoE EGID) is a group of immune-mediated gastrointestinal diseases characterized by infiltration of eosinophils. Although most patients experience symptom relief after treatment, some still face the risk of persistent symptoms or relapse. Improving the prognosis for this subset of patients remains an urgent challenge. Identifying risk factors that affect the prognosis of non-EoE EGID and providing timely effective interventions are crucial for improving outcomes. This paper reviews the risk factors related to the prognosis of pediatric non-EoE EGID, including genetic factors, allergies, environmental factors, clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, and pathological manifestations, with the aim of providing references for clinical decision-making.
LIU Xiang-Hui. Research progress on risk factors for poor prognosis in pediatric non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder[J]. CJCP, 2025, 27(4): 493-499.
LIU Xiang-Hui. Research progress on risk factors for poor prognosis in pediatric non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder[J]. CJCP, 2025, 27(4): 493-499.
Jensen ET, Martin CF, Kappelman MD, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic gastritis, gastroenteritis, and colitis: estimates from a national administrative database[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2016, 62(1): 36-42. PMID: 25988554. PMCID: PMC4654708. DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000865.
Licari A, Votto M, Scudeller L, et al. Epidemiology of nonesophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in symptomatic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2020, 8(6): 1994-2003.e2. PMID: 32061717. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.01.060.
Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y, Schoepfer A. Eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, and eosinophilic colitis: common mechanisms and differences between east and west[J]. Inflamm Intest Dis, 2016, 1(2): 63-69. PMID: 29922659. PMCID: PMC5988173. DOI: 10.1159/000445131.
Papadopoulou A, Amil-Dias J, Auth MK, et al. Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines on childhood eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders beyond eosinophilic esophagitis[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2024, 78(1): 122-152. PMID: 38291684. DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003877.
Pineton de Chambrun G, Gonzalez F, Canva JY, et al. Natural history of eosinophilic gastroenteritis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011, 9(11): 950-956.e1. PMID: 21806952. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.07.017.
Zadeh-Esmaeel MM, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Ali Ahmadi N, et al. Evaluation of gene expression change in eosinophilic gastroenteritis[J]. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 2019, 12(3): 239-245. PMID: 31528308. PMCID: PMC6668767.
Low EE, Dellon ES. Review article: emerging insights into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of eosinophilic oesophagitis and other eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2024, 59(3): 322-340. PMID: 38135920. PMCID: PMC10843587. DOI: 10.1111/apt.17845.
Nagashima S, Yamamoto M, Inuzuka Y, et al. Tolerability and safety of a new elimination diet for pediatric eosinophilic gastritis and duodenitis[J]. Allergol Int, 2023, 72(2): 306-315. PMID: 36414511. DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.11.001.
Higuchi T, Tokunaga M, Murai T, et al. Elemental diet therapy for eosinophilic gastroenteritis and dietary habits[J]. Pediatr Int, 2022, 64(1): e14894. PMID: 34157188. DOI: 10.1111/ped.14894.
Lucendo AJ, Serrano-Montalbán B, Arias á, et al. Efficacy of dietary treatment for inducing disease remission in eosinophilic gastroenteritis[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2015, 61(1): 56-64. PMID: 25699593. DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000766.
Ko HM, Morotti RA, Yershov O, et al. Eosinophilic gastritis in children: clinicopathological correlation, disease course, and response to therapy[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2014, 109(8): 1277-1285. PMID: 24957155. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.166.
Sato H, Honma T, Owaki T, et al. Clinical and pathological profile of eosinophilic gastroenteritis[J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 31(2): 157-162. PMID: 30113369. DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001241.
Powell N, Walker MM, Talley NJ. Gastrointestinal eosinophils in health, disease and functional disorders[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010, 7(3): 146-156. PMID: 20125092. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.5.
Donald K, Finlay BB. Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2023, 23(11): 735-748. PMID: 37138015. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00874-w.
Chang JY, Choung RS, Lee RM, et al. A shift in the clinical spectrum of eosinophilic gastroenteritis toward the mucosal disease type[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010, 8(8): 669-675; quiz e88. PMID: 20451664. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.04.022.
Yamamoto M, Nagashima S, Yamada Y, et al. Comparison of nonesophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders with eosinophilic esophagitis: a nationwide survey[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2021, 9(9): 3339-3349.e8. PMID: 34214704. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.06.026.
Katz AJ, Twarog FJ, Zeiger RS, et al. Milk-sensitive and eosinophilic gastroenteropathy: similar clinical features with contrasting mechanisms and clinical course[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 1984, 74(1): 72-78. PMID: 6547462. DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90090-3.
Ng LQ, Loh W, Ong JX, et al. Clinical, histopathological features and efficacy of elimination diet and proton-pump inhibitor therapy in achieving histological remission in Asian children with eosinophilic gastritis[J]. J Paediatr Child Health, 2022, 58(7): 1244-1250. PMID: 35388934. DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15969.
Votto M, Lenti MV, De Silvestri A, et al. Evaluation of diagnostic time in pediatric patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders according to their clinical features[J]. Ital J Pediatr, 2023, 49(1): 9. PMID: 36647148. PMCID: PMC9841131. DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01410-1.
Grandinetti T, Biedermann L, Bussmann C, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: clinical manifestation, natural course, and evaluation of treatment with corticosteroids and vedolizumab[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(8): 2231-2241. PMID: 30982212. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05617-3.
Ishihara S, Kuribayashi S, Sato K, et al. A marked eosinophilic infiltration in mucosa could be a better predictive factor for intractable non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders[J]. Digestion, 2023, 104(5): 348-356. PMID: 37088071. DOI: 10.1159/000528845.
Hui CK, Hui NK. A prospective study on the prevalence, extent of disease and outcome of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in patients presenting with lower abdominal symptoms[J]. Gut Liver, 2018, 12(3): 288-296. PMID: 29212311. PMCID: PMC5945260. DOI: 10.5009/gnl17056.