Abstract Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and D-dimer in children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Methods A prospective case control study was conducted on 67 pediatric patients with SIRS who were treated in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Based on the presence or absence of infectious lesions, patients were categorized as sepsis and non-sepsis. Within 24 hours after admission, white blood cell (WBC) count and serum levels of PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer were determined, and the pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) was calculated. The correlation of PCIS with each of the other measurements was analyzed. On day 28 of follow-up, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under ROC (AUC) was calculated. 28-day survival was estimated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Results Serum levels of PCT and D-dimer were significantly higher (PPPPPPPConclusions Serum levels of PCT may be helpful in differentiating sepsis and non-sepsis at early stage of SIRS in children. PCT and D-dimer are independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in children with SIRS, and thus have a prognostic significance in clinical settings.
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