Abstract Objective To summarize the clinical features of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) and to improve the understanding of this disease.Methods A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 12 children with SOS including clinical manifestations, laboratory results, imaging findings, treatment, and prognosis.Results Of the 12 cases, 8 were secondary to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 4 had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Manifestations mainly included abdominal distention (4 cases), hepatomegaly with tenderness (9 cases), splenomegaly (6 cases), and weight increase (10 cases). Biochemical tests revealed varying degrees of liver damage in all cases. In the coagulation function test, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged in 7 cases. Out of the 7 patients who underwent serum D-dimer test, 4 showed elevated serum level of D-dimer. In routine blood tests, 4 cases showed decreases in both white blood cells and neutrophils. In addition, varying degrees of thrombocytopenia were observed in 9 cases. Eight patients were subjected to color Doppler ultrasound examination, and diffuse hepatomegaly, inhomogeneous liver parenchyma, unclear or thinner hepatic veins, hydrothorax/ascites, or splenomegaly was observed. Sinusoidal dilatation or hepatic cell infiltration was observed in 2 patients who underwent liver biopsy. Treatments were basically symptomatic and supportive therapies, and the prognosis was good in all patients.Conclusions SOS should be considered in children who present with hepatomegaly, sudden weight gain, liver dysfunction and coagulation dysfunction after they have received chemotherapy for leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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