Abstract Objective To study the treatment and prognosis of pulmonary hemorrhage in preterm infants. Methods A total of 106 preterm infants diagnosed with pulmonary hemorrhage, who were hospitalized in the neonatal ward of Peking University Third Hospital between 2007 and 2016, were enrolled. These patients were divided into 2007-2011 group (34 cases) and 2012-2016 group (72 cases) according to the time of hospitalization, divided into conventional-frequency ventilation group (43 cases) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) group (63 cases) according to the respiratory support method used after the development of pulmonary hemorrhage, and divided into non-operation group (34 cases) and operation group (14 cases) according to whether PDA ligation was performed for the unclosed PDA before pulmonary hemorrhage. The general data, treatment, and prognosis were compared between different groups. Results Compared with the 2007-2011 group, the 2012-2016 group had higher rates of HFOV and PDA ligation (P < 0.05), a lower mortality rate during hospitalization (P < 0.05), a longer length of hospital stay (P < 0.05), and higher incidence rates of intracranial hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P < 0.05). Compared with the conventional-frequency ventilation group, the HFOV group had a lower mortality rate during hospitalization (P < 0.05), a longer length of hospital stay (P < 0.05), and higher incidence rates of intracranial hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-operation group, the operation group had a lower mortality rate during hospitalization (P < 0.05), a longer length of hospital stay (P < 0.05), and higher incidence rates of intracranial hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P < 0.05). Conclusions The application of HFOV and PDA ligation can improve the survival rate of preterm infants with pulmonary hemorrhage, but the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia is also increased.
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