Abstract Objective To investigate the incidence of neonatal birth trauma in the department of obstetrics in a single-center medical institution and the risk factors for neonatal birth trauma. Methods The maternal and infant medical records of all full-term singleton neonates delivered in the Department of Obstetrics, Peking University International Hospital, from October 2015 to September 2018 were collected. The neonates with birth trauma were assigned to case group, and those without birth trauma were assigned to control group. The risk factors for neonatal birth trauma were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 4 682 full-term singleton neonates delivered during the study period, 201 (4.29%) were diagnosed with birth trauma. The most frequent type of birth trauma was cephalohematoma (81.7%), followed by facial nerve palsy (9.1%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified vaginal delivery, forceps-assisted delivery, induction of labor by oxytocin, premature rupture of membranes and a large neonatal head circumference as the risk factors for birth trauma (OR=5.020, 23.294, 1.409, 1.928 and 2.295 respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusions The most frequent type of neonatal birth trauma is cephalohematoma. Vaginal delivery, forceps-assisted delivery, induction of labor by oxytocin, premature rupture of membranes and a large neonatal head circumference may increase the risk of neonatal birth trauma, and forceps-assisted delivery is the strongest independent risk factor for birth trauma.
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