Abstract Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is an artificial lung auxiliary technique based on extrapulmonary gas exchange and can effectively remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygenation to a certain extent, and it is one of the effective treatment techniques for hypercapnia developed after mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in recent years and has wide application prospect. This article elaborates on the development, working principle, advantages, classification, complications, and clinical application of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal, so as to provide a new choice for extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal in clinical practice.
Husain-Syed F, Birk HW, Wilhelm J, et al. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal using a renal replacement therapy platform to enhance lung-protective ventilation in hypercapnic patients with coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2020, 7: 598379. PMID: 33304914. PMCID: PMC7693445. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.598379.
Kolobow T, Gattinoni L, Tomlinson T, et al. An alternative to breathing[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1978, 75(2): 261-266. PMID: 625133.
Bozku? F, Bilal B, ?ksüz H. Extracorporeal carbondioxide removal (ECCO2R): case series and review of literature[J]. Tuberk Toraks, 2018, 66(3): 258-265. PMID: 30479235. DOI: 10.5578/tt.26368.
Mussin Y, Jeffries R, Bulanin D, et al. Pre-clinical evaluation of an adult extracoproreal carbon dioxide removal system for pediatric application[J]. Cent Asian J Glob Health, 2014, 3(Suppl): 167. PMID: 29805896. PMCID: PMC5960935. DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2014.167.
Stokes JW, Gannon WD, Rice TW. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: why should we care?[J]. Crit Care Med, 2021, 49(5): e546-e547. PMID: 33854019. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004844.
López-Sánchez M, Rubio-López MI. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal with continuous renal replacement therapy. Case description and literature review[J]. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva, 2020, 32(1): 143-148. PMID: 32401973. PMCID: PMC7206950. DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200020.
Comellini V, Pacilli AMG, Nava S. Benefits of non-invasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure[J]. Respirology, 2019, 24(4): 308-317. PMID: 30636373. DOI: 10.1111/resp.13469.
Nin N, Muriel A, Pe?uelas O, et al. Severe hypercapnia and outcome of mechanically ventilated patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2017, 43(2): 200-208. PMID: 28108768. PMCID: PMC5630225. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4611-1.
Staudinger T. Update on extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal: a comprehensive review on principles, indications, efficiency, and complications[J]. Perfusion, 2020, 35(6): 492-508. PMID: 32156179. DOI: 10.1177/0267659120906048.
Kischkel S, Bergt S, Brock B, et al. In vivo testing of extracorporeal membrane ventilators: iLA-activve versus prototype I-lung[J]. ASAIO J, 2017, 63(2): 185-192. PMID: 28092273. DOI: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000000465.
Saavedra-Romero R, Paz F, Litell JM, et al. Treatment of severe hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2 lung injury with ECCO2R using the Hemolung Respiratory Assist System[J]. Case Rep Crit Care, 2021, 2021: 9958343. PMID: 34327027. PMCID: PMC8245249. DOI: 10.1155/2021/9958343.
nal V, Efe S. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) in COPD and ARDS patients with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure. A retrospective case-control study[J]. Turk J Med Sci, 2021, 51(4): 2127-2135. PMID: 33932971. PMCID: PMC8569780. DOI: 10.3906/sag-2012-151.
Braune S, Sieweke A, Brettner F, et al. The feasibility and safety of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to avoid intubation in patients with COPD unresponsive to noninvasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (ECLAIR study): multicentre case-control study[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2016, 42(9): 1437-1444. PMID: 27456703. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4452-y.
McNamee JJ, Gillies MA, Barrett NA, et al. Effect of lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal vs standard care ventilation on 90-day mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: the REST randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2021, 326(11): 1013-1023. PMID: 34463700. PMCID: PMC8408762. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.13374.
Barrett NA, Kostakou E, Hart N, et al. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for acute hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial[J]. Trials, 2019, 20(1): 465. PMID: 31362776. PMCID: PMC6664508. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3548-4.
MacDonnell KF, Moon HS, Sekar TS, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support in a case of severe status asthmaticus[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 1981, 31(2): 171-175. PMID: 7458488. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)61538-x.
Fuehner T, Kuehn C, Hadem J, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in awake patients as bridge to lung transplantation[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2012, 185(7): 763-768. PMID: 22268135. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201109-1599OC.
Hoetzenecker K, Donahoe L, Yeung JC, et al. Extracorporeal life support as a bridge to lung transplantation-experience of a high-volume transplant center[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 155(3): 1316-1328.e1. PMID: 29248282. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.09.161.
Moscatelli A, Ottonello G, Nahum L, et al. Noninvasive ventilation and low-flow veno-venous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal as a bridge to lung transplantation in a child with refractory hypercapnic respiratory failure due to bronchiolitis obliterans[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2010, 11(1): e8-e12. PMID: 20051789. DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181b0123b.