Abstract Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and correlation of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates. Methods Full-term healthy neonates who were born in Shanghai Pudong New Area Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2021 to January 2022 and were given mixed feeding were enrolled. The 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the stool and pharyngeal swab samples collected on the day of birth and days 5-7 after birth, and the composition and function of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota were analyzed and compared. Results The diversity analysis showed that the diversity of pharyngeal microbiota was higher than that of intestinal microbiota in early neonates, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). On the day of birth, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx (P<0.05). On days 5-7 after birth, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the intestine was significantly higher than that in the pharynx (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestine was significantly lower than that in the pharynx (P<0.05). At the genus level, there was no significant difference in the composition of dominant bacteria between the intestine and the pharynx on the day of birth (P>0.05), while on days 5-7 after birth, there were significant differences in the symbiotic bacteria of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Rothia, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella between the intestine and the pharynx (P<0.05). The analysis based on the database of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins showed that pharyngeal microbiota was more concentrated on chromatin structure and dynamics and cytoskeleton, while intestinal microbiota was more abundant in RNA processing and modification, energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, coenzyme transport and metabolism, and others (P<0.05). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that compared with pharyngeal microbiota, intestinal microbiota was more predictive of cell motility, cellular processes and signal transduction, endocrine system, excretory system, immune system, metabolic diseases, nervous system, and transcription parameters (P<0.05). Conclusions The composition and diversity of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota of neonates are not significantly different at birth. The microbiota of these two ecological niches begin to differentiate and gradually exhibit distinct functions over time.
WANG Xue-Juan,SHAO Zhi-Ying,ZHU Min-Rong et al. Intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates: an analysis based on high-throughput sequencing[J]. CJCP, 2023, 25(5): 508-515.
WANG Xue-Juan,SHAO Zhi-Ying,ZHU Min-Rong et al. Intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates: an analysis based on high-throughput sequencing[J]. CJCP, 2023, 25(5): 508-515.
Bach LL, Ram A, Ijaz UZ, et al. A longitudinal study of the human oropharynx microbiota over time reveals a common core and significant variations with self-reported disease[J]. Front Microbiol, 2020, 11: 573969. PMID: 33552004. PMCID: PMC7861042. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573969.
B?ckhed F, Roswall J, Peng Y, et al. Dynamics and stabilization of the human gut microbiome during the first year of life[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2015, 17(5): 690-703. PMID: 25974306. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.004.
Wang H, Dai W, Feng X, et al. Microbiota composition in upper respiratory tracts of healthy children in Shenzhen, China, differed with respiratory sites and ages[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 2018: 6515670. PMID: 30013985. PMCID: PMC6022278. DOI: 10.1155/2018/6515670.
Powell EA, Fontanella S, Boakes E, et al. Temporal association of the development of oropharyngeal microbiota with early life wheeze in a population-based birth cohort[J]. EBioMedicine, 2019, 46: 486-498. PMID: 31353293. PMCID: PMC6710983. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.034.
Qi C, Zhou J, Tu H, et al. Lactation-dependent vertical transmission of natural probiotics from the mother to the infant gut through breast milk[J]. Food Funct, 2022, 13(1): 304-315. PMID: 34889924. DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03131g.
Zhou J, Tang L, Shen CL, et al. Green tea polyphenols modify gut-microbiota dependent metabolisms of energy, bile constituents and micronutrients in female Sprague-Dawley rats[J]. J Nutr Biochem, 2018, 61: 68-81. PMID: 30189365. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.018.
Pattaroni C, Watzenboeck ML, Schneidegger S, et al. Early-life formation of the microbial and immunological environment of the human airways[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2018, 24(6): 857-865.e4. PMID: 30503510. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.10.019.
Maglio M, Ziberna F, Aitoro R, et al. Intestinal production of anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 antibodies in patients with diagnosis other than celiac disease[J]. Nutrients, 2017, 9(10): 1050. PMID: 28934109. PMCID: PMC5691667. DOI: 10.3390/nu9101050.
Zhou Y, Zheng T, Chen H, et al. Microbial intervention as a novel target in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression[J]. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2018, 51(5): 2123-2135. PMID: 30522122. DOI: 10.1159/000495830.
National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Diseases/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics/Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Evidence-based guideline for neonatal pain management in China (2023)[J]. CJCP, 2023, 25(2): 109-127.
