目的：了解宁夏吴忠市7岁以下儿童生长状况及影响因素，为制定相关干预措施提供参考依据。方法：采用分层整群的抽样方法，对宁夏吴忠市两县区7岁以下儿童进行了调查，生长状况采用Z评分法评价。结果：7岁以下儿童生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦的发生率分别为12.58%、5.71%、5.55%。儿童年龄的身高Z评分(HAZ)、年龄的体重Z评分(WAZ)以及身高的体重Z评分(WHZ)均值分别为-0.26±2.50、0.29±4.54和0.65±3.02。不同民族儿童消瘦发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），不同地区和不同年龄段儿童生长迟缓发生率、低体重的发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。儿童生长迟缓的主要影响因素为地区（OR=0.369，P＜0.001）、民族（OR=1.694，P=0.027）、儿童年龄（OR=1.143，P=0.002）。低体重的主要影响因素为地区（OR=0.453，P=0.001）、儿童年龄（OR=1.204，P=0.002）。消瘦的主要影响因素为民族（OR=1.735，P=0.024）。结论：吴忠市7岁儿童生长水平欠佳，其生长水平与民族、地区、年龄等因素有关。

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the growth status of children under 7 years in Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China and its influential factors, and to provide a basis for related intervention measures. METHODS: Children under 7 years were selected from two county-level districts in Wuzhong by stratified cluster sampling, and their growth status were evaluated by the Z score method. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of growth retardation, underweight, and wasting were 12.58%, 5.71%, and 5.55% respectively. The height-for-age Z score, weight-for-age Z score, and weight-for-height Z scores were -0.26±2.50, 0.29±4.54. and 0.65±3.02 respectively. There were significant differences in the prevalence rate of wasting among children of different ethnic groups (P<0.05); also, there were significant differences in the prevalence rates of growth retardation and underweight among children from different regions and with different age (P<0.05). The main influential factors for growth retardation were region (OR=0.369, P<0.001), ethnic groups (OR=1.694, P=0.027), and age (OR=1.143, P=0.002). The main influential factors for underweight were region (OR=0.453, P=0.001) and age (OR=1.204，P=0.002). The main influential factor for wasting was nation (OR=1.735, P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: In Wuzhong, children under 7 years have poor growth status, which are related to ethnic groups, region, and age.