目的 比较不同剂型布地奈德联合肺表面活性物质(PS)对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)患儿血气改善及支气管肺发育不良(BPD)发生的影响。方法 将出生4h内发生NRDS的早产儿184例随机分为4组,每组46例:PS+布地奈德气雾剂持续喷入组(简称气雾持续组)、PS+单剂布地奈德液体剂型组(简称液体组)、PS+布地奈德气雾剂单剂喷入组(简称气雾单次组)、单用PS组。比较4组治疗后动脉血气的变化及治疗后改为有创机械通气率、辅助通气时间、重复使用PS率及BPD发生率。结果 治疗后第2~4天4组pH、PCO₂、氧合指数(FiO₂/PaO₂)比较差异均有统计学意义,各指标改善效果依次为气雾持续组、液体组、气雾单次组、单用PS组。气雾持续组辅助通气时间明显短于其他3组(P<0.05),液体组明显短于气雾单次组及单用PS组(P<0.05)。4组治疗后改用有创机械通气率、重复使用PS率及BPD发生率的比较差异均有统计学意义,其中气雾持续组这3个指标的发生率均最低,其次为液体组。结论 气雾剂型布地奈德持续喷入联合PS治疗NRDS的疗效优于单剂液体剂型,但两者在降低BPD发生率方面的差异有待扩大样本量进一步研究。

Objective To study the efficacy of different preparations of budesonide combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) in improving blood gas levels and preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods A total of 184 preterm infants who developed NRDS within 4 hours after birth were randomly administered with PS + continuous inhalation of budesonide aerosol (continuous aerosol group), PS+budesonide solution (solution group), PS + single inhalation of budesonide aerosol (single aerosol group), and PS alone, with 46 neonates in each group. The changes in arterial blood gas levels, rate of invasive mechanical ventilation after treatment, time of assisted ventilation, rate of repeated use of PS, and the incidence of BPD were compared between the four groups. Results On the 2nd to 4th day after treatment, pH, PCO₂, and oxygenation index (FiO₂/PaO₂) showed significant differences among the four groups, and the continuous aerosol group showed the most improvements of all indicators, followed by the solution group, single aerosol group, and PS alone group. The continuous aerosol group had a significantly shorter time of assisted ventilation than the other three groups (P<0.05). The solution group had a significantly shorter time of assisted ventilation than the single aerosol and PS alone groups (P<0.05). The rate of invasive mechanical ventilation after treatment, rate of repeated use of PS, and incidence of BPD showed significant differences among the four groups (P<0.05), and the continuous aerosol group had the lowest rates, followed by the solution group. Conclusions A combination of PS and continuous inhalation of budesonide aerosol has a better efficacy in the treatment of NRDS than a combination of PS and budesonide solution. The difference in reducing the incidence of BDP between the two administration methods awaits further investigation with a larger sample size.