目的 探讨儿童肺炎支原体肺炎（Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia，MPP）合并腺病毒（adenovirus，ADV）感染的临床特征，为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。 方法 回顾性收集单纯MPP患儿228例，MPP合并ADV患儿28例的病例资料，比较两组患儿临床特征、实验室检查结果及治疗转归的差异。 结果 与单纯MPP组相比，MPP合并ADV组的热程和住院时间均较长，支气管镜下气道黏膜严重病变（糜烂、剥脱）比例、临床肺部感染评分及需要氧疗比例均较高（P<0.05）。两组白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白、支气管肺泡灌洗液肺炎支原体DNA复制倍数，以及胸腔积液、肺外并发症比例，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 MPP合并ADV感染儿童临床表现及气道黏膜病变程度比单纯MPP患儿更严重，更易需要氧疗，但实验室指标大多无明显特异性。

Objective To study the clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) with adenovirus (ADV) infection in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 228 children with MPP alone and 28 children with MPP and ADV infection. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical features, laboratory results, and treatment outcome. Results Compared with the MPP group, the MPP+ADV group had significantly longer duration of fever and length of hospital stay, a significantly higher proportion of patients with severe lesions (erosion and exfoliation) of the airway mucosa under bronchoscopy, a significantly higher clinical pulmonary infection score, and a significantly higher proportion of patients requiring oxygen therapy (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA copy number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the incidence rates of pleural effusion and extrapulmonary complications (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with children with MPP alone, children with MPP and ADV infection tend to have more severe clinical manifestations and airway mucosal lesions and are more likely to require oxygen therapy, but most of the laboratory markers lack specificity.