目的 探讨儿童嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠道疾病（eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease, EGID）的临床表现、内镜下改变、病理组织学改变、治疗及预后特点，以提高儿科医师对该疾病的认识。 方法 前瞻性收集2019年1月—2022年7月江西省儿童医院、湖南省儿童医院、河南省儿童医院确诊的267例EGID患儿资料，观察其发病年龄、症状、体征、实验室检查、内镜下改变、病理组织学改变及治疗的预后情况。 结果 267例EGID患儿中，临床分度以轻度（164例，61.4%）和中度（96例，35.6%）为主。各年龄均可发病，以学龄期儿童（178例）为主。婴儿期主要表现为呕吐、呕血，幼儿期主要表现为呕吐、便血，学龄前期和学龄期主要表现为腹痛、呕吐。血常规示近一半（49.4%）患儿出现血小板升高，但轻、中、重度EGID患儿血小板计数比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。EGID患儿消化道内镜下无显著特异性改变，组织病理亦无特异性结构损伤。其中85.0%（227例）予以抑酸治疗，34.5%（92例）予以饮食回避，20.9%（56例）予以抗过敏药物治疗，少部分（24例，9.0%）使用泼尼松治疗。治疗后患儿临床症状均得到缓解，3例以消化性溃疡为表现者停药后症状出现反复。 结论 儿童EGID以轻、中度多见，内镜下改变无明显特异性，饮食回避及抑酸、抗过敏药物为主要治疗方法，预后良好。
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings, histopathological changes, treatment, and prognosis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) in children, with the aim of enhancing awareness among pediatricians about this condition. Methods Data of 267 children with EGID were prospectively collected from January 2019 to July 2022 at Jiangxi Children's Hospital, Hunan Children's Hospital, and Henan Children's Hospital. The age of onset, symptoms, physical signs, laboratory examination results, endoscopic findings, histopathological changes, and treatment outcomes were observed. Results Among the 267 children with EGID, the majority had mild (164 cases, 61.4%) or moderate (96 cases, 35.6%) clinical severity. The disease occurred at any age, with a higher prevalence observed in school-age children (178 cases). The main symptoms in infants were vomiting and hematemesis, while in toddlers, vomiting and bloody stools were prominent. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the primary symptoms in preschool and school-age children. Nearly half (49.4%) of the affected children showed elevated platelet counts on hematological examination, but there was no significant difference in platelet counts among children with mild, moderate, and severe EGID (P>0.05). Endoscopic findings in EGID children did not reveal significant specificity, and histopathological examination showed no specific structural damage. Among them, 85.0% (227 cases) received acid suppression therapy, 34.5% (92 cases) practiced dietary avoidance, 20.9% (56 cases) received anti-allergic medication, and a small proportion (24 cases, 9.0%) were treated with prednisone. Clinical symptoms were relieved in all patients after treatment, but three cases with peptic ulcers experienced recurrence after drug discontinuation. Conclusions Mild and moderate EGID are more common in children, with no specific endoscopic findings. Dietary avoidance, acid suppression therapy, and anti-allergic medication are the main treatment methods. The prognosis of EGID is generally favorable in children.
关键词
嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠道疾病 /
临床特征 /
儿童
Key words
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease /
Clinical characteristic /
Child
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参考文献
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基金
江西省科技计划项目重点研发计划（20192BBG70002）。
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