目的 探讨尘螨皮下免疫治疗（subcutaneous immunotherapy, SCIT）应用于儿童过敏性哮喘的疗效和安全性。 方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究，将98例尘螨过敏哮喘患儿按随机数字表法分为对照组和SCIT组，每组49例。对照组吸入激素治疗；SCIT组除吸入激素治疗外，加用3年标准化SCIT。比较两组治疗前、治疗后6个月、治疗后1年、治疗后2年、治疗后3年外周血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、视觉模拟评分、总用药评分、哮喘控制测试评分/儿童哮喘控制测试评分、呼出气一氧化氮和肺功能的差异。记录注射后不良反应，评估SCIT的安全性。 结果 与治疗前相比，SCIT组3年后外周血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、视觉模拟评分、总用药评分和呼出气一氧化氮显著下降，肺功能显著改善，哮喘控制水平更佳（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，SCIT组3年后各评估指标改善较对照组更明显（P<0.05）。共完成2 744次注射，发生局部不良反应157次（5.72%），全身不良反应4次（0.15%），无严重全身不良反应发生。 结论 SCIT是一种有效、安全的儿童过敏性哮喘治疗方法。

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) using dust mites in children with allergic asthma. Methods In a prospective randomized controlled study, 98 children with dust mite-induced allergic asthma were randomly divided into a control group (n=49) and an SCIT group (n=49). The control group received inhaled corticosteroid treatment, while the SCIT group additionally received a standardized three-year SCIT regimen. The two groups were compared based on peripheral blood eosinophil percentage, visual analogue score (VAS), total medication score, Asthma Control Test/Childhood Asthma Control Test scores, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and lung function before treatment, and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after treatment. Adverse reactions were recorded post-injection to evaluate the safety of SCIT. Results Compared with pre-treatment levels, the SCIT group showed a significant reduction in the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils, VAS, total medication score, and FeNO, while lung function significantly improved, and asthma control levels were better 3 years after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the SCIT group showed more significant improvement in all evaluated indicators 3 years after treatment (P<0.05). A total of 2 744 injections were administered, resulting in 157 cases (5.72%) of local adverse reactions and 4 cases (0.15%) of systemic adverse reactions, with no severe systemic adverse events. Conclusions SCIT is an effective and safe treatment for allergic asthma in children.