新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC）是早产儿最常见的肠道炎症性疾病，具有较高的发病率及病死率。目前NEC的发病原因及机制尚不明确，多因素共同参与了NEC发生发展的过程。近年有研究发现，贫血是新生儿发生NEC的危险因素之一，但具体的发病机制尚不清楚。该文综述了近年来贫血与NEC发病关系的相关研究，为进一步认识贫血对肠损伤的影响及与NEC的关系提供参考。

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common inflammatory intestinal disease in preterm infants, with a high incidence and mortality rate. The etiology and mechanisms of NEC are not yet fully understood, and multiple factors contribute to its occurrence and development. Recent studies have found that anemia is a risk factor for NEC in neonates, but the specific pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. This article reviews recent research on the relationship between anemia and NEC, providing a reference for further understanding the impact of anemia on intestinal injury and its association with NEC.