目的 探讨儿童急性T淋巴细胞白血病（acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia, T-ALL）患儿的临床特征，并分析其与预后的关系。 方法 回顾性分析2015年11月—2019年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院血液肿瘤科采用CCCG-ALL-2015方案诊治的50例T-ALL患儿的临床资料及随访结果，运用Kaplan-Meier生存分析、Cox回归分析等方法分析患儿预后的影响因素。 结果 50例T-ALL患儿中，共复发7例。复发组和非复发组基本临床资料的比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。复发组诱导缓解治疗后第46天微小残留病（minimal residual disease, MRD）阳性率（≥0.01%）高于非复发组，差异有统计学意义（P=0.037）。50例患儿5年总体生存率为（87±5）%，5年无事件生存率为（86±5）%。多因素Cox回归分析显示诱导缓解治疗后第46天MRD水平是预后的独立影响因素（HR=0.104，95%CI：0.015~0.740，P=0.024）。 结论 MRD对T-ALL患儿的预后有重要意义，临床上需根据MRD水平提供个性化治疗，预防复发、改善预后。

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of children with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and analyze their relationship with prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up results of 50 children with T-ALL who were treated using the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol at the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2015 to December 2019. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were employed to identify factors affecting prognosis. Results Among the 50 T-ALL patients, there were 7 cases of relapse. There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline clinical data between the relapse group and the non-relapse group (P>0.05). However, the positive rate of minimal residual disease (MRD) (≥0.01%) on day 46 after induction remission therapy in the relapse group was significantly higher than that in the non-relapse group (P=0.037). The 5-year overall survival rate for the 50 patients was (87±5)%, and the 5-year event-free survival rate was (86±5)%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the MRD level on day 46 after induction remission therapy was an independent prognostic factor (HR=0.104, 95%CI: 0.015-0.740, P=0.024). Conclusions MRD is of significant importance for the prognosis of T-ALL children. Personalized treatment should be provided based on MRD levels to prevent relapse and improve prognosis in these patients.