支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD）患儿在学龄期及成年时常呈现严重的呼吸系统问题，肺功能受损严重。运动测试显示BPD儿童心肺功能和运动能力下降，合并肺动脉高压发生率高，在智力、语言和运动发展方面普遍较差。随着年龄增长，神经发育障碍的风险增加，健康相关生活质量也受到影响。该文对BPD患儿呼吸系统、运动能力、心血管系统、神经系统及健康相关生活质量方面的预后进行综述，旨在更好地管理BPD患儿，提高其后续的生活质量。

Children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) often exhibit severe respiratory problems and significant pulmonary dysfunction during school age and adulthood. Exercise tests show a decline in cardiopulmonary function and physical performance in children with BPD, who also have a higher incidence of pulmonary hypertension. These children generally perform poorly in terms of intelligence, language, and motor development. As they age, the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders increases, and health-related quality of life is also affected. This article reviews the prognosis of the respiratory system, physical capacity, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and health-related quality of life in children with BPD, aiming to improve the management of these patients and enhance their subsequent quality of life.