目的 调查新疆地区1型糖尿病（type 1 diabetes, T1DM）儿童青少年的生存质量现状和影响因素。 方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2023年1月—2024年2月期间在新疆三所三级甲等医院就诊的259例T1DM患儿及其主要照护者作为研究对象。使用儿童普适性生存质量量表和糖尿病儿童特异性生存质量量表评估患儿的生存质量。同时，收集患儿家庭一般资料、照护者负担和照护能力等信息。采用多重线性回归分析影响患儿生存质量的相关因素。 结果 患儿儿童普适性生存质量量表和糖尿病儿童特异性生存质量量表得分分别为（77±16）和（71±16）分，均与照护负担呈负相关（P<0.05），与照护能力呈正相关（P<0.05）。多重线性回归分析显示：照护负担、照护能力、家庭收入、亲子关系与普适性生存质量密切相关（P<0.05）；照护负担、照护能力、病程、居住地、糖化血红蛋白水平与糖尿病特异性生存质量密切相关（P<0.05）。 结论 新疆地区T1DM儿童青少年整体生存质量偏低。患儿生存质量受家庭照护负担、照护能力、家庭收入、亲子关系、病程、居住地以及糖化血红蛋白水平等综合因素影响，提升其生存质量的策略需综合考虑患儿个体疾病特征和家庭因素。

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in Xinjiang. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 259 children with T1DM and their primary caregivers who attended three tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang from January 2023 to February 2024. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory^TM Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL^TM4.0) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory^TM Version 3.2 Diabetes Module (PedsQL^TM3.2-DM) were used to assess the quality of life of the children. Information on family demographics, caregiver burden, and caregiving ability was also collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with the quality of life of the children. Results The scores for PedsQL^TM4.0 and PedsQL^TM3.2-DM were 77±16 and 71±16, respectively. Both were negatively correlated with caregiver burden (P<0.05) and positively correlated with caregiving ability (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that caregiver burden, caregiving ability, family income, and parent-child relationship were significantly associated with generic quality of life (P<0.05), whereas caregiver burden, caregiving ability, disease duration, place of residence, and glycated hemoglobin level were significantly associated with diabetes-specific quality of life (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall quality of life of children and adolescents with T1DM in Xinjiang is relatively low. The quality of life is influenced by a combination of factors including family caregiver burden, caregiving ability, family income, parent-child relationship, disease duration, place of residence, and glycated hemoglobin level. Strategies to improve quality of life should consider the combined impact of individual disease characteristics and family factors.