近年来，我国百日咳发病率持续上升，防控形势日益严峻。为强化人群免疫屏障并有效遏制百日咳的流行，2024年12月底，国家疾病预防控制局等对儿童百白破疫苗免疫程序进行了优化调整，并于2025年开始实施。此次调整包括三项关键措施：首剂疫苗接种时间由3月龄提前至2月龄；基础免疫剂次间隔从1个月延长至2个月；在6岁增加1剂无细胞百白破疫苗。该文探讨此次免疫程序调整后，百日咳流行病学和临床表现等可能出现的变化，警惕这些变化，将有助于百日咳病例的准确识别，对未来评估此次调整的效果，以及免疫策略的进一步优化具有重要意义。

In recent years, the incidence rate of pertussis in China has been steadily increasing, presenting an increasingly severe challenge for disease prevention and control. To strengthen the immune barrier in the population and effectively curb the spread of pertussis, National Disease Control and Prevention Administration of China and other relevant authorities optimized the immunization procedure for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, with the new procedure implemented in 2025. This adjustment includes three key measures: advancing the initial dose of the vaccine from 3 months to 2 months of age, extending the interval between primary immunization doses from 1 month to 2 months, and adding an extra dose of acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine at 6 years of age. This article discusses potential changes in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of pertussis following such adjustments for immunization procedure, and awareness of these changes will facilitate the accurate identification of pertussis cases, which is crucial for evaluating the impact of these adjustments and further optimizing immunization strategies.