目的 探讨学龄前儿童骨密度（bone mineral density, BMD）与骨代谢指标的相关性及影响因素，为促进儿童骨健康提供临床依据。 方法 回顾性收集2024年6—12月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院儿童保健科健康体检的127例学龄前儿童资料，对其进行BMD、骨代谢指标检测及体格检查。采用多元线性回归分析探讨学龄前儿童一般资料对BMD Z值的影响，使用Spearman秩相关法进行儿童BMD Z值与25羟维生素D（25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-OHD）、血清骨钙素（bone Gla protein, BGP）和甲状旁腺激素（parathyroid hormone, PTH）的相关性。 结果 不同民族、体重和身高的儿童BMD Z值比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示，学龄前儿童的体重和身高对BMD Z值有影响（P<0.05），而性别、年龄、民族和家长文化程度对BMD Z值无影响（P>0.05）。儿童BMD Z值与25-OHD水平（r_s=0.260，P<0.001）、BGP水平（r_s=0.075，P=0.025）呈正相关，与PTH水平呈负相关（r_s=-0.043，P=0.032）。 结论 学龄前儿童体重、身高、25-OHD、BGP和PTH是影响BMD的相关因素。临床工作中，联合检测骨代谢指标，可为早期发现BMD异常儿童，预防骨质疏松症和骨质软化症提供科学依据。

Objective To investigate the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic markers in preschool children and the influencing factors for BMD, and to provide a clinical basis for promoting bone health in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 127 preschool children who underwent physical examination in the Department of Child Health Care of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, from June to December 2024. BMD and bone metabolic markers were measured, and physical examination was performed. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of general information on BMD Z-score in preschool children. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to investigate the correlation of BMD Z-score with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), serum bone Gla protein (BGP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Results BMD Z-score significantly differed by ethnicity, weight category, and height category (all P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that weight and height significantly influenced BMD Z-score (P<0.05), whereas sex, age, ethnicity, and parental education level did not (P>0.05). In children, BMD Z-score was positively correlated with 25-OHD level (r_s =0.260, P<0.001) and BGP level (r_s =0.075, P=0.025) and was negatively correlated with PTH level (r_s =-0.043, P=0.032). Conclusions Weight, height, 25-OHD, BGP, and PTH are influencing factors for BMD in preschool children. In clinical practice, combined measurement of bone metabolic markers may provide a scientific basis for early identification of children with abnormal BMD and prevention of osteoporosis and osteomalacia.