目的 探讨热性惊厥（FC）与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的关系。方法 由小儿神经专科医师对172例FC进行5～10年远期随访，Conner’s简明症状问卷等方法对患儿进行测试。结果 有FC史小儿ADHD患病率为23.8%（41/72），与无FC史的小儿ADHD患病率5.1%（14/273）相比，差异有非常显著性（P﹤0.01）。另外FC的发作次数﹤4次和≥4次，持续时间﹤30min和≥30min ADHD患病率相比均有非常显著差异（P<0.01）。结论 本资料提示FC多次、长时间发作可能是小儿ADHD发生原因之一，小儿反复性热性惊厥，有复发或癫痫危险因素宜用药物预防。

Objective To study the relationship between febrile convulsion (FC) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods One hundred and seventy-two children with FC were examined using Conner's abbreviated symptom questionnaire by neurological pediatrician and followed-up for 5 to 10 years.Results There were 41 cases of ADHD in 172 cases of FC. The morbidity of ADHD was significantly higher in the children with FC (23.8%, 41/172) than that children without FC (5.1%, 14/273), (P<0.01).The morbidity of ADHD was significantly higher in the FC children with fits frequency ≥4 and fits duration ≥30 min than those FC children with fits frequency <4 amd fits duration <30 min. Conclusions The results suggest that multiple and prolonged convulsion is one of causes of ADHD in children.Anticonvulsants and prophylaxis should be given to children with FC and with a risk of recurrence and epilepsy.