目的：探讨儿童创伤性主支气管断裂的诊断和治疗特点，提高治愈率。方法：对８例儿童创伤性主支气管断裂的诊断和外科治疗及预后进行观察。结果：６例早期诊断急诊剖胸探查行主支气管一期吻合术，痊愈出院，无并发症。２例延误诊断，其中１例伤后３月手术行主支气管对端吻合术，术后出现肺部感染和吻合口狭窄，经多次激光切除肉芽组织，解除吻合口狭窄，恢复正常肺功能，１例伤后６月，因胸腔感染，全肺不张，试吻合支气管后肺不膨胀而被迫行右全肺切除。本组８例随访１～１０年，无死亡，７例支气管吻合术均恢复正常肺功能，１例右全肺切除者，肺功能轻到中度障碍。结论：早期诊断和手术是提高儿童创伤性主支气管断裂的疗效，减少并发症的唯一有效措施。

OBJECTIVE: To explore diagnosis methods and therapeutic features in children with traumatic main bronchial rupture in order to improve the cure rate. METHODS: Early diagnosis, timely exploratory thoracotomy and prognosis were carried out in 8 children with main bronchial rupture from trauma. RESULTS: The group age ranged from 7 to 14 years. Seven cases were victims of traffic accidents and one injury from falling. Six cases were given early diagnosis and timely thoracotomy to have end-to-end anastomosis of bronchi. They completely recovered and had no complications. Two cases were delayed in diagnosis. One received end-to-end anastomosis 3 months after trauma,one had infection in lung and anastomotic stoma stenosis after operation and recovered through several laser treatments. The other had to have right pneumonectomy because of infection and pulmonary atelectasis 6 months after trauma. The group had no death after being fellowed up for one to ten years. Seven cases after end-to-end anastomosis recovered normal pulmonary function. One case of pneumonectomy resulted in middle pulmonary function obstacle. CONCLUSIONS: Enough attention should be paid to early diagnosis and timely thoracotomy of end-to-end anastomosis of bronchi of children with traumatic main bronchial rupture so as to improve efficacy and reduce complications.