目的：探讨肾病综合征(NS)与人巨细胞病毒活动性感染的关系。方法：用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术和间接ELISA法检测36例NS患儿外周血白细胞中的HCMV-DNA及血浆中的HCMV-IgM。结果：36例NS活动期患儿HCMV-IgM阳性11例，阳性率30.5%，HCMV-DNA阳性14例，阳性率38.9%，与对照组阳性率(12.0%，4.0%)比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)；HCMV-IgM和HCMV-DNA均为阳性的有8例，阳性率为22.2%，与对照组(4%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论：部分NS活动期患儿存在HCMV感染。

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the nephrotic syndrome(NS) and active infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). METHODS: HCMV-DNA in peripheral leukocytes from 36 cases of NS was detected with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. HCMV-IgM antibody detection was done using ELISA simultaneously. RESULTS: The positive rates of active HCMV-IgM antibody and HCMV-DNA were 30.5% and 38.9%, respectively, higher than those of the control group (both P<0.01). HCMV-IgM and HCMV-DNA were found simultaneously positive in 8 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Some children with NS have HCMV infection.