目的：为探讨小儿急性白血病医院感染(NI)的危险因素，以利临床医师提高对其认识，降低治疗相关死亡率。方法：对306例急性白血病患儿进行了回顾性调查，其中87例为NI组，219例无任何感染者为非NI组，两组资料进行单因素卡方检验及t检验后，用非条件Logistic回归模型多元分析。结果：NI发生率28.43% (87/306例)，感染部位以呼吸道、口腔为主。多因素分析结果筛选出住院天数，白细胞，中性粒细胞绝对计数及血小板是NI的独立危险因素。结论：住院天数延长、外周血白细胞减少、粒细胞减少及血小板减少是小儿急性白血病NI的危险因素。

OBJECTIVE: To investigate nosocomial infection risk factors in acute leukemia in children in order that they are wellrecognized by clinic doctors and the mortality rate associated with them will be decreased. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 306 children with acute leukemia admitted between January, 1995 and December, 2000 was performed. The data were analyzed with the single factor χ2 test, t test and multifactor logisticregression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of nosocomial infection was 28.43%(87/306), and consisted mainly of respiratory tract and oral infections. The length of hospitalization, white blood cell count, neutrophil and platelet count were found to be independent risk factors for nosocomial infection. CONCLUSIONS: The length of hospitalization, reduced white blood cell count and neutrophil and platelet count are independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in children with leukecnia.