目的：研究早产的围产因素及寻求相应的预防措施。方法：将我院近5年出生的新生儿2 567例，分为早产儿、足月儿两组，对照分析孕母年龄、胎膜早破、多胎妊娠、前置胎盘、妊高征、胎盘早剥、产前检查等围产因素，同时分析早产儿的并发症。结果：早产儿发生率为6.62%，早产儿组与足月儿组对比，除母亲孕龄差异无显著性外，胎膜早破、多胎妊娠、前置胎盘、妊高征、胎盘早剥，产前检查等因素差异均有显著性(P<0.01 或 0.05)。早产儿的并发症主要是新生儿肺炎、硬肿症、高胆红素血症和颅内出血。胎龄越小，体重越低，死亡率越高。结论：减少早产是降低围产儿死亡的关键，减少早产的发生应加强围产期保健，定期产前检查，对产前并发症采取各种防治措施，提高早产儿的成活率。

OBJECTIVE: To study the perinatal factors that affect premature infants and to explore measures for the prevention of premature delivery. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 2,567 neonates (170 premature infants and 2 397 full term infants) over a 5 year period in our hospital was done. The perinatal factors, including maternal age, preterm rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy, placenta previa, hypertension of pregnancy, abruptio placentae and antenatal care, were studied. The complications of premature infants were reviewed. RESULTS: The incidence of preterm birth was 6.62% . Except for maternal age, all the other perinatal factors showed significant differences between the full term infants and the preterm infants (P< 0.01 or 0.05 ). The complications of premature infants were mainly neonatal pneumonia, neonatal scleredema, hyperbillirubinemia and intracranial hemorrhage. The earlier the gestational age and the lower the birth weight, the higher the mortality rates in premature neonates. CONCLUSIONS: The key issue of reducing perinatal mortality is to reduce the incidence of perterm birth. It is necessary to improve perinatal care and regular antental examinations. It is necessary to make strategic planning to prevent complications and to reduce the incidence of preterm birth.