目的   观察系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎（ＭｓＰＧＮ）患儿肾活检标本α－平滑肌肌动蛋白（α－ＳＭＡ）的表达与临床表现的关系。方法  应用免疫组化技术，结合计算机图像分析系统检测３３例不同血脂和血压水平的ＭｓＰＧＮ患儿肾小球内α－ＳＭＡ的含量改变。结果  ＭｓＰＧＮ伴高脂血症和高血压的患儿肾小球内α－ＳＭＡ含量高于正常血脂和正常血压组（Ｐ ＜０．０５）。结论  高脂血症和高血压可促进ＭｓＰＧＮ患儿肾小球系膜细胞发生表型改变。

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and clinical symptoms(hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia ) in children with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN). METHODS: Expression of α-SMA was detected using immunohistochemistry and computer image evaluation in 33 children with MsPGN. RESULTS: The expression of α-SMA was higher in MsPGN children with hypertension and/or hyperlipoproteinemia than that in MsPGN children without hypertension and/or hyperlipoproteinemia(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of α-SMA by mesangial cells appears to be activated by hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia in children with MsPGN.