目的 进行非侵入性粪便标本幽门螺杆菌抗原检测诊断儿童幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染，并评价此试验方法的应用价值。方法：选择有上消化道症状的48例患儿为研究对象，采用H.pylori抗原检测试剂盒，以酶联免疫分析双抗体夹心法检测粪便H.pylori抗原，并与胃粘膜活检标本快速尿素酶试验、组织学、血清学试验作对比研究。结果：4种诊断试验诊断准确率分别为：粪便抗原试验95.8%，快速尿素酶试验95.9%，组织学97.9%，血清学83.7%。粪便抗原试验的特异度和敏感度分别为100%，93.6%。结论：粪便标本H.pylori 抗原试验诊断儿童幽门螺杆菌感染有较高的准确率、敏感性和特异性，为新的简便易行的非侵入性方法。

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of a newly developed and non invasive test, the Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) stool antigen (HpSA) test, in the diagnosis of H.pylori infection in children. METHODS: A commercial kit using ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) detected HpSA in the stools of 48 children with symptoms of the upper digestive tract. The detection results of the HpSA test were compared with the biopsy urease test, histology test and serology test. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy of the 4 tests for H. pylori infection was as follows: stool antigen test 95.8% , biopsy urease test 95.9% , histology test 97.9% , and serology test 83.7% . The specificity and sensitivity of the HpSA test for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection was 100% and 93.6% , respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The HpSA test for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection, being highly accurate, sensitive and specific, is a simple, reliable and non invasive method.