目的：了解儿科和新生儿室医院感染发生的特点,为控制医院感染提供依据。方法：全国医院感染监控网135家医院专职医院感染控制人员按照统一的要求对综合性医院儿科住院病人和产科新生儿室的医院感染进行监测,按月报告监测结果。结果：2000年1～12月共监测儿科和产科新生儿室155 975人次,感染4 310人次,发病率2.8％;感染4 699例次,例次发病率3.0％。儿科新生儿组感染发病率最高为4.1％,较儿科非新生儿组(2.5％)和产科新生儿组(3.2％)高(P<0.01)。医院感染以呼吸道感染和皮肤软组织感染为主。结论：病理新生儿的医院感染发病率较高,应加强监测,合理的预防和治疗医院感染,尤其应加强呼吸道感染的控制,强调隔离及无菌操作,避免接触传播,以降低医院感染的发生率。

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of hospital infection in the pediatric department and neonatal unit in order to provide reference data for hospital infection control. METHODS: Data on nosocomial infections of the patients hospitalized in pediatric wards and neonatal units of the .obstetrical departments in 135 general hospitals participating in the National Monitoring Network of Hospital Infection were collected. Monitoring results were reported monthly according to uniform requirements. RESULTS: Of the 155 975 person- times monitored from January to December in 2000, 4 310 (2.8%) and 4 699 person - times (2.5% ) respectively had hospital - acquired infections in the pediatric wards and neonatal units of the obstetrical wards. The incidence of nosocomial infections in neonates hospitalized in the pediatric wards (4.1%) was significantly higher compared with non - neonates hospitalized in the pediatric wards (2.5%) and with neonates hospitalized in the neonatal units of the obstetrical wards (3.2%) (P<0.01). Hospital infections occurred mainly in the respiratory tract and skin soft - tissues. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of hospital infections in sick neonates. To reduce the incidence of hospital infections, it is important to emphasize monitoring and take effective measures, including prevention of respiratory infection and skin infection by strict isolation and aseptic manipulation.