目的：探讨产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)细菌引起小儿感染的危险因素。方法：用回顾性研究方法,对该院儿科住院的29例ESBLs阳性细菌感染病例和同期住院的89例ESBLs阴性细菌感染的对照病例进行调查,并应用非条件Logistic回归分析对其危险因素进行分析。结果：年龄、联合应用抗生素的天数、插管、免疫抑制剂的使用和住院前3月内住院次数是产ESBLs阳性细菌感染的独立危险因素。结论：产ESBLs阳性细菌感染与多种因素有关,需加强对易感因素的认识,采取避免滥用抗生素及免疫抑制剂,避免不必要的插管,强调无菌操作等防治措施,以降低ESBLs阳性细菌感染的发生。

OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors associated with infection by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBLs) bacteria in children. METHODS:Clinical data of 29 cases of infection by positive-ESBLs bacteria was studied retrospectively. Eighty-nine cases of negative-ESBLs bacteria served as the controls. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze potential risk factors. RESULTS: Multiple-factors non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that age, combined application of antibiotics, intubation, use of immuno-suppressive drugs and the times of hospitalization in the three months preceding the infection were the independent risk factors for infection by positive-ESBLs bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Risk for infection by positive-ESBLs bacteria is multifactorial. It is important to reasonably use antibiotics and immuno-suppressive drugs, reduce invasive intubation, and stress the asepsis principle so as to decrease the incidence of infection by positive-ESBLs bacteria.