目的：了解呼吸道感染患儿是否存在人细小病毒B19(HPVB19)感染。方法：采用巢式PCR方法,对2 0 0 0年9月至2 0 0 1年8月2 5 6例临床诊断为呼吸道感染的儿童进行血清及咽分泌物HPVB19 DNA检测,并选择同期且检查前2～4月无呼吸道感染的 10 4例正常儿童为对照组。结果：①血清标本显示,观察组HPVB19 DNA阳性率18.8% (4 8/2 5 6 ),对照组HPVB19 DNA阳性率5 .8% (6 /10 4 ) ,二组相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;观察组4 8例阳性血清样本中,第1季度阳性者为15例,第2季度18例,第3季度7例,第4季度8例,第1,2季度阳性率高于第3,4季度阳性率(P <0 .0 1)。②咽分泌物标本显示,观察组阳性率2 0 .1% (5 4 /2 5 6 ) ,对照组阳性率 3.8% (4 /10 4 ) ,二组相比较差异具有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,观察组第1,2 ,3,4季度咽分泌物阳性例数分别为17,2 0 ,8,9例,第1,2季度阳性率高于第3,4季度 (P <0 .0 1)。结论：人类细小病毒B19可导致儿童呼吸道感染,说明HPVB19为儿童呼吸道感染的致病因素之一,对呼吸道感染儿童有必要进行HPVB19的检测;HPVB19所致的儿童呼吸道感染在第1,2季度高于第3,4季度。

OBJECTIVE: To understand if human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) is one of causes of respiratory infection in children. METHODS: HPV B19 DNA was detected by the nested PCR technique in serum and pharyngeal secretions of 256 children with respiratory infection between September, 2000 and August, 2001. One hundred and four normal children without respiratory infection within 2-4 months were served as the control group.RESULTS: The total positive rate of HPV B19 DNA in serum and pharyngeal secretions in the observed group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( 18.8% vs 5.8% and 20.1% vs 3.9% , respectively; both P< 0.01 ). Of the 256 cases, there were 15, 18, 7 and 8 cases of positive HPV B19 DNA in serum, and there were 17, 20, 8 and 9 cases in pharyngeal secretions in the first, second, third and fourth quarters respectively. The positive rate of HPV B19 DNA was significantly higher both in serum and pharyngeal secretions in the first and second quarters than that of the third and fourth quarters (P< 0.01 ). CONCLUSIONS: HPVB19 is one of the causative agents for respiratory infection in children. The incidence of respiratory infection with HPVB19 in the first and second quarters is higher than that of the third and fourth quarters