目的：早产儿视网膜病(ROP)是儿童视觉损害及致盲的重要原因之一。众多的研究表明低出生体重和低胎龄是ROP发病的主要危险因素。该文旨在探讨除出生体重和胎龄外，影响ROP发生的其他危险因素。方法：根据胎龄、出生体重进行配对，合并ROP的早产儿和未合并ROP的早产儿各32例进行对照研究，对20种可能的危险因素进行Logistic回归性分析。结果：氧疗时间(DOT)、最高动脉氧分压(MaxPaO2)、妊娠高血压(PIH)、生后3 d内最低pH值(MinpH)的比值比(OR)值分别为2.764、2.175、1.935、2.417(P<0.01)。建立的早产儿ROP危险因素主效应模型是Logit(P)=β0+1.265 DOT+1.034MaxPaO2+0.936 PIH-1.273 MinpH (χ2=25.634，P<0.01)。结论：氧疗时间长、高氧血症、妊娠高血压和酸中毒为ROP的高危因素。

OBJECTIVE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of important causes of childhood visual impairment and blindness. Many research has shown that low birth weight (BW) and low gestational age (GA) are primary risk factors for ROP. This paper aims at studying the other high risk factors involved in the development of ROP. METHODS: Sixty four preterm infants with and without ROP were divided into two groups: a ROP group and a control group without ROP (n=32 for each). The clinical data of the two groups were studied by case contrast study according to the paired design of GA and BW. Logistic regression analysis was done for 20 possible risk factors. RESULTS:The odds ratios of the duration of oxygen therapy (DOT), maximal PaO 2 (MaxPaO 2), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and minimum pH value within the first 3 days of life (MinpH) were 2.764 , 2.175 , 1.935 and 2.417 respectively (P< 0.01 ). The logistic regression equation of the risk factors in preterm infants with ROP was Logit (P)=β 0+1.265 DOT+1.034 Max PaO 2+0.936 PIH-1.273 MinpH (χ 2= 25.634 , P< 0.01) . CONCLUSIONS: The long time of oxygen exposure, hyperoxia, PIH and acidosis are high risk factors in the development of ROP.