目的　探讨高压氧 (HBO)治疗对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤 (HIBD)的保护作用。方法　 7日龄Sprague Dawley(SD)新生大鼠随机分为 4组 (n =10 ) :正常对照组 ,HIBD组 ,高压空气治疗组 (HBA)和高压氧治疗组 (HBO)。HBA组和HBO组于缺氧缺血后分别行HBA和HBO治疗 [2个绝对压 (ATA) ,1h],每日 1次连续 7d。至 30日龄开始对各组动物进行放射形迷宫测试以及感觉运动功能检测。行为学试验验结束后 (日龄 35天 ) ,采用尼氏染色检测海马CA1区锥体细胞密度。结果　HIBD组大鼠的学习、记忆和感觉运动功能受损严重 ,HBO组行为学损伤明显改善 ,而HBA组改善不明显。HIBD组和HBA组左脑CA1区锥体细胞密度低于HBO和对照组(P <0 .0 1)。结论　HBO治疗能够减少新生大鼠缺氧缺血后脑损伤 ,促进学习记忆功能和感觉运动功能的改善。

Objective To investigate the protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) against hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD) of neonatal rats. Methods Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat pups were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each): Control group, HIBD group, Hyperbaric air (HBA) group, and Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) group. The HIBD model was produced by permanent occlusion of left common carotid artery and followed by exposure to a mixture of 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 2 hrs (at 37℃). HBO and HBA treatments [2 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 1 hr] were administered once daily to rats in the HBO and HBA group respectively after hypoxia for 7 days. Radial arm maze and sensorimotor functional tests were administered from 30 to 35 postnatal days. At the end of the behavior trials, the rats were sacrificed and cerebral histology was analyzed. The CA 1 subfield neurons numbers were counted to evaluate the brain damage. Results In the behavior test, the HIBD group showed different degrees of neurological damage. HBO treatment resulted in significant protection against hypoxia-ischemia induced behavior impairments (all P< 0.01). However, the HBA group did not show any significant improvement. There was a significant reduction of CA 1 neuron density in the left hemisphere of HIBD and HBA groups, compared with that of the Control group and the HBO group (all P< 0.01). Conclusion HBO therapy can attenuate brain damage and improve learning, memory and sensorimotor functions in neonatal rats after HIBD.