目的了解不同民族混居生活条件下汉族、哈萨克族学生注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)发病情况。方法采用流行病学调查随机整群抽样方法,应用Conners父母症状问卷和Conners教师评定量表,检测奎屯市两所汉族小学,两所汉族中学三年级至初二学生和两所哈萨克族小学,一所哈萨克族中学三年级至初二学生,共1244人,其中汉族923人,哈萨克族321人。结果汉族学生ADHD发病率13%,哈萨克族学生发病率10%,总发病率12.2%。汉族学生发病率略高于哈萨克族学生,但两者差异无显著性。男生发病率高于女生,两者之间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。汉族学生随年龄增加发病率减少,哈萨克族学生随年龄增加发病率增加。结论汉、哈族学生ADHD发病差异无显著性,提示发病无民族差异,各民族儿童均可发病。两民族儿童高峰发病年龄相差6岁,可能与其生活方式及早期干预有关。

Objective To study the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among the ethnic Han and Kazakh students in Kuntun City, Xinjiang. Methods A total of 1 244 students were randomly selected using the epidemiological whole sampling method. Nine hundred and twenty three were Hans from two elementary and two secondary schools and 321 were Kazakhs from two elementary and one secondary schools of Kuntun City. Conners Parents Symptom Questionnaire and Conners Teacher Rating Scale were employed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD. Results The prevalence of ADHD in ethnic Han and Kazakh students was 13% and 10%, respectively and there was no significant difference between them. Boys demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD than girls in both ethnic Hans and Kazakhs (P<0.01). The prevalence of ADHD decreased with age in Han students, but increased in the Kazakhs. Conclusions The prevalence of ADHD is not related to ethnicity, but the age of onset of ADHD is different between the Han and Kazakh students.