目的：研究小儿社区获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)感染的临床特征和耐药情况,以指导临床治疗。方法：以同期分离的医院获得性感染的MRSA菌株作对照,分析该院2002年1月至2005年3月从临床各类标本中分离的社区获得性MRSA菌株的临床特征和耐药情况。结果：25株MRSA占同期分离的全部金黄色葡萄球菌512株的4.7%,其中社区获得性感染的MRSA20例,医院获得性感染的MRSA5例。两组发病年龄无统计学差异。MRSA占金黄色葡萄球菌检出率在连续2年多的时间内呈逐年增多趋势,2003年3.1%、2004年5.4%、2005年第一季度7.2%。两组对多种抗生素敏感实验结果及多重耐药比较均无统计学差异。两组中所有菌株对万古霉素均敏感,未发现万古霉素中介和耐药菌株。医院感染组合并基础疾病比例明显高于社区获得性感染组(P<0.05)。3例社区获得感染组的肺炎患者,痰培养获得MRSA,其中1例给予非敏感抗生素治愈。结论：小儿社区获得性MRSA感染呈上升趋势,其临床和耐药特征与医院感染者未见明显差别。

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and drug resistant patterns of community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in children. METHODS: Samples of sputum, blood, liquor puris/secretion of skin or stool in Beijing Children's Hospital between January, 2002 and March, 2005 were cultured. The characteristics of community-acquired MRSA infection were analyzed and compared with hospital-acquired MRSA infection. RESULTS: A total of 25 strains of MRSA were found during the study period and they accounted for 4.7% in 512 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 25 strains of MRSA, 20 strains were community-acquired but only 5 were hospital-acquired. The prevalence of MRSA infection in Staphyloccus aureus has kept rising over last two years, 3.1% in 2003, 5.4% in 2004 and 7.2% in the first season of 2005. There were no statistical differences in the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multi-resistance testing between the groups of community-acquired and hospital-acquired MRSA. In both groups, all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The percentage of the patients with underlying disease in the hospital-acquired infection group was significantly higher than in community-acquired infection group (P<0.05), but the onset age was not different. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of community-acquired MRSA infection tends to increase in children. The drug resistant patterns of community-acquired MRSA were not significantly different from the hospital-acquired MRSA in children.