目的：探讨孤独症患儿的早期特征性行为,为早期诊断提供依据。方法：采用回顾性调查方法对30例孤独症患儿及26例其他发育迟缓患儿在婴儿期的异常行为进行调查分析。结果：孤独症在婴儿时期以没有社交微笑、没有目光对视,对环境反应淡漠,很难用声音、动作或玩具吸引患儿的注意,叫其名字没有反应等症状明显区别于发育迟缓患儿(P<0.01);模仿、依恋行为差异有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05);刻板动作及兴趣怪异仅见于孤独症患儿,但发生率较低。结论：孤独症在婴儿期即表现出许多特异性症状,表明孤独症多起病于生后早期,这些症状不同于其他智力发育迟缓患儿,对于孤独症的早期识别具有重要意义。

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the behavioral patterns of autistic children during infancy to provide clues for early identification of childhood autism. METHODS: The abnormal behaviors of 30 children with autism and 26 children with other developmental disorders in infancy were investigated. RESULTS: The children with autism presented a series of abnormal behaviors, including no social smile, no eye contact and no respond to own name, and joint attention deficiency, which were distinguished from the children with other developmental disorders. The imitation and attachment behaviors were significantly different between the two groups. Repetitive motor actions and interest peculiarity were only seen in children with autism. CONCLUSIONS: The children with autism may present a series of abnormal behaviors as early as in infancy. The abnormal behaviors facilitate early diagnosis of autism.